Earlier detection of rumors in online social networks using certainty-factor-based convolutional neural networks

The rampant propagation of rumors in online social networks leads to potential damage to society. This phenomenon has attracted significant attention to the researches on faster rumor detection. Most recent works on rumor detection adapted the neural network-based deep learning approaches because of its high success rate. Though neural network-based models have high success rates, these models are less efficient in finding rumors at the earliest. Such models require huge training data for better and accurate results. Unfortunately, the data available in the early stages of rumor propagation are sparse in nature. This nature makes rumor detection using neural networks a complex solution, therefore rendering less efficiency for early stage rumors. To address this issue, we have proposed a certainty-factor-based convolutional neural network (CNN) approach to efficiently classify events as rumor or not by leveraging the inherent features of the set of information in spite of data sparsity. The certainty-factor-based activation function requires a minimum number of training data to obtain a generalization. In the proposed approach, two parallel CNNs are employed for the rumor event classification task that efficiently utilizes the inherent features of information, such as temporal, content, and propagation features. A decision tree combines the outputs of both CNNs and provides the classification output. This rumor event classification approach is then compared with recent and well-known state-of-the-art rumor classification approaches, and the results prove that the proposed approach detects rumor efficiently and rapidly with minimal inputs compared to other approaches.