Early Warning of Thermal Runaway in Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Surface Acoustic Wave Strain Sensors

The article presents a comprehensive study on the early detection of thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries using surface acoustic wave (SAW) strain sensors. It begins by highlighting the critical role of battery energy storage systems in optimizing renewable energy use and the risks associated with thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries. The authors introduce SAW strain sensors as a promising solution for early warning systems due to their high sensitivity, compact size, and ability to operate without external power. The study involves the development of a multi-physics model to simulate battery behavior under various conditions, focusing on strain changes induced by gas generation during side reactions. The SAW strain sensors were tested on a beam with uniform strain and on a battery shell, demonstrating their reliability in providing early warnings of thermal runaway. The results indicate that these sensors can detect strain values well before severe thermal runaway occurs, making them a valuable tool for enhancing battery safety monitoring. The article concludes by emphasizing the adaptability and robustness of SAW strain sensors in various battery types and their potential to significantly improve the safety of battery storage systems when integrated with other monitoring parameters.