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2022 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

10. Eco-Engineering and Mangrove Restoration Methods to Stabilize Earthen Embankments and Establishing Bio-Shield Against Natural Disasters: A Case Study from Sundarban Ramsar Wetland, India

Authors : Aliya Naz, Abhiroop Chowdhury

Published in: Assessing, Mapping and Modelling of Mangrove Ecosystem Services in the Asia-Pacific Region

Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore

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Abstract

Natural disasters such as cyclones, typhoons, storm surges, or tsunami are responsible for the destruction of land, livelihood and displacement of local populace. Sundarbans, the world’s largest contiguous mangrove forest, located in the Ganges-Meghna-Brahmaputra delta, is the only barrier against these disasters. Eco-engineering with salt-loving mangrove plants can successfully establish a bio-shield against natural disasters and stabilize the earthen banks. It can also restore the four principles of ecosystem services—provisioning services, regulating services, supporting services, and cultural services. Restoration techniques promote the establishment of wave attenuating, rapidly growing, salinity- and flooding-tolerant Avicennia marina near the low tide level. The second layer of plantation can be established with true mangrove family (Rhizophoraceae) members Bruguiera spp. and Ceriops spp. that can consolidate sediment, survive flooding, and are salinity-tolerant. The third layer can constitute of stilt root possessing Rhizophora mucronata that has a potential to reduce flooding impact and can stabilize a comparatively larger volume of sediment due to extensive root structure. The fourth and final plantation layer can be established with resilient tree species with the potential to reduce wind force such as Sonneretia sp. and Excoecaria sp. near to the high tide level. Restoration must not be done with exotic or invasive species to minimize ecosystem damage. Community participation must be ensured to successfully establish mangrove bio-shield at Indian Sundarbans and reduce grazing pressure post plantation phase. A case study has revealed a successful restoration attempt at Satjelia Island of Indian Sundarbans with protection service during recent cyclones.

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Title: Eco-Engineering and Mangrove Restoration Methods to Stabilize Earthen Embankments and Establishing Bio-Shield Against Natural Disasters: A Case Study from Sundarban Ramsar Wetland, India
Authors: Aliya Naz
Abhiroop Chowdhury
Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore
Book: Assessing, Mapping and Modelling of Mangrove Ecosystem Services in the Asia-Pacific Region
Print ISBN: 978-981-19-2737-9

Electronic ISBN: 978-981-19-2738-6

Copyright Year: 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2738-6_10

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