eDemocracy

Chapter 8 deals with Web-based processes for the participation of citizens in political events. Section 8.1 proposes a participation pyramid based on the involvement of the citizens and the complexity of public tasks. In electronic votes and elections, there is a multitude of solutions (Sect. 8.2); some especially standing out are time and place independent options via Internet. Section 8.3 explains the sub-processes for eVoting and eElection. The way in which anonymous voting works is treated in Sect. 8.4. Section 8.6 describes multi-dimensional visualization techniques for results of votes and elections. The political and cultural memory (Sect. 8.7), realized in the eGovernment by portals and digital archives, widens the options of an information and knowledge society and makes a democratic political controlling possible. Section 8.8 gives bibliographical notes. The case studies of a VAA for the 2013 Ecuador National Elections and the technical and procedural mechanisms to enhance transparency and trust in Internet voting for the Swiss elections and votes, are presented.