Top

Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance

Published in:

26-02-2019

Effect of Grain Refining on Properties of a Cast Superaustenitic Stainless Steel

Authors: Dustin A. Arvola, Mark C. Emmendorfer, Ronald J. O’Malley, Simon N. Lekakh, Laura N. Bartlett

Published in: Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance | Issue 3/2019

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

The goal of this study was to evaluate the industrial performance of cast high-alloy superaustenitic 19Cr-17Ni-6Mo stainless steel by refining the as-cast structure. A grain-refined, as-cast structure was achieved by the in situ inoculation with titanium nitrides (TiN) co-precipitated on previously formed spinel (MgAl₂O₄) inclusions, thus promoting heterogeneous nucleation of austenite during solidification. A homogenization heat treatment of the casting did not provide significant changes of the as-cast grain macrostructure in either the base or grain-refined steels. However, it was found that a combination of inoculation with heat treatment is an effective way of reducing interdendritic segregation. The industrial performance which includes the mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and machinability was evaluated in the heat-treated condition for both base and inoculated steels. Tensile testing revealed improvements in ultimate tensile strength, ductility, and yield strength of the inoculated steel. The room-temperature impact properties exhibited a slight decrease in average impact energy but showed reduced variability in the inoculated steel compared to the base steel. The machining results showed that the inoculated steel had a slight improvement in machinability. The inoculated steel exhibited a lower corrosion rate but showed an increase in mass loss due to pitting. The changes in steel performance were linked to microstructure and nonmetallic inclusion families obtained by automated ASPEX SEM/EDX analysis.

previous article Computational Modeling of Fracture Toughness of Al-Si and Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloys with Detected Porosity

next article Importance of Martensite Spatial Distribution at Large Volume Fractions in Imparting Ductility in High-Strength Dual-Phase Steel

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

P. Schweitzer, Superaustenitic stainless steels, in Corrosion Engineering Handbook, 1996, p 274.

J. DuPont, J. Farren, A. Stockdale, and B. Leister, Optimization of Heat Treatments on Stainless Steel Castings for Improved Corrosion Resistance and Mechanical Properties. U.S. Dept. of Energy, DOE Award No: DE-FC36-04GO14230, 2004-2012, p. 3–27.

Y. Li, A. Bushby, and D. Dunstan, The Hall-Petch Effect as a Manifestation of the General Size Effect, Proc. R. Soc. A: Math. Phys. Eng. Sci., 2016, 472(2190), p 20150890CrossRef

L. Huabing et al., Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welding Super-Austenitic Stainless Steel S32654, Mater. Des., 2017, 118(22), p 207–217

S. Li and G. Cui, Dependence of Strength, Elongation, and Toughness on Grain Size in Metallic Structural Materials, J. Appl. Phys., 2007, 101(8), p 083525CrossRef

K. Ralston, N. Birbilis, and C. Davies, Revealing the Relationship Between Grain Size and Corrosion Rate of Metals, Scr. Mater., 2010, 63(12), p 1201–1204CrossRef

M. Andersson et al., Grain Size Control in Steel by Means of Dispersed Non-metallic Inclusions—GRAINCONT. European Commission, Contract No: RFSR-CT-2006-00018, 2006–2009, p. 15–114

R. Tuttle, Solidification Based Grain Refinement in Steels. Office of Naval Research, Contract No: N00014-08-1-1052, 2009.

F. Pan et al., Effects of Rare Earth Metals on Steel Microstructures, Materials, 2016, 9(6), p 1–19CrossRef

10.

R. Tuttle, Solidification Based Grain Refinement in Steels. Office of Naval Research, Contract No: 000140-81-10-5-2, 2010

11.

C. Van der Eijk et al., Progress in the Development and Use of Grain Refiner Based on Cerium Sulfide or Titanium Compound for Carbon Steel, ISIJ Int., 2009, 49(7), p 1046–1050CrossRef

12.

S. Lekakh et al., Optimization of Melt Treatment for Austenitic Steel Grain Refinement, Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 2017, 48B, p 406–419CrossRef

13.

ASTM A744 / A744M-13, Standard Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for Severe Service, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2013, www.astm.org.

14.

ASTM E112-13, Standard Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2013, www.astm.org.

15.

M. Mohebi-Moghadam, Special Topics in Solid State Diffusion: I. Grain Boundary Variability II. Fluid in Deformable Solid. Thesis at Lehigh University, 2015, p. 6–12.

16.

Factsage 7.0 software, GTT-Technologies, Aachen, www.gtt-technologies.de.

17.

M. Harris et al., Improved Methodology for Automated SEM/EDS Non-Metallic Inclusion Analysis of Mini-Mill and Foundry Steels. AISTech Proceedings, 2015, p. 3315–3325.

18.

ASTM A370-17a, Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2017, www.astm.org.

19.

L. Jiang, Å. Roos, and P. Liu, The Influence of Austenite Grain Size and Its Distribution on Chip Deformation and Tool Life During Machining of AISI, 304L, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1997, 28(11), p 2415–2422CrossRef

20.

L. Holappa and A. Helle, Inclusion Control in High-Performance Steels, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 1995, 53(1–2), p 177–186CrossRef

21.

Z. Hong, X. Wu, and C. Kun, The Influence of Aluminium Deoxidation and Sulphur Content on Oxide Modification and Machinability of Steel, Steel Res., 1995, 66(2), p 72–76CrossRef

22.

S. Singh, A. Chakrabarti, and A. Chattopadhyay, A Study of the Effect of Inclusion Content of the Machinability and Wear Characteristics of 0.24-Percent Carbon-Steels, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 1997, 66(1–3), p 90–96CrossRef

23.

G. Faulring and S. Ramalingam, Oxide Inclusions and Tool Wear in Machining, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1979, 10(11), p 1781–1788CrossRef

24.

A. Zanatta, J. Gomes, J. Bressan, and C. Barbosa, Influence of Hard and Soft Inclusions on the Machinability and Polishability of VP100 Mold Steel, Adv. Mater. Res., 2011, 223, p 464–472CrossRef

25.

ASTM A262-15, Standard Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2015, www.astm.org.

26.

ASTM G48-11, Standard Test Methods for Pitting and Crevice Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steels and Related Alloys by Use of Ferric Chloride Solution, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2015, www.astm.org.

Title: Effect of Grain Refining on Properties of a Cast Superaustenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Dustin A. Arvola
Mark C. Emmendorfer
Ronald J. O’Malley
Simon N. Lekakh
Laura N. Bartlett
Publication date: 26-02-2019
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance / Issue 3/2019
Print ISSN: 1059-9495
Electronic ISSN: 1544-1024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-019-03895-6

Springer Professional

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Other articles of this Issue 3/2019

Structure and Tribological Properties of CrTiAlCN Coatings with Various Carbon Contents

Experimental Analysis of the Crushing of Honeycomb Cores Under Compression

A Comparison of the Fatigue Life of Shot-Peened 4340M Steel with 100, 200, and 300% Coverage

Nonlinear Creep Deformation of Polycarbonate at High Stress Level: Experimental Investigation and Finite Element Modeling

Importance of Martensite Spatial Distribution at Large Volume Fractions in Imparting Ductility in High-Strength Dual-Phase Steel

Evolution of Crystallographic Structure of M23C6 Carbide Under Thermal Aging of P91 Steel

Premium Partners