Effect of surface–interface elasticity on SH-wave scattering at the interface of two piezoelectric media with initial stress

The article investigates the intricate behavior of shear horizontal (SH) waves at the interface of two piezoelectric media, considering the effects of surface–interface elasticity and initial stress. It builds upon existing research in wave propagation within piezoelectric composites, which are crucial for various engineering applications, including energy harvesters and smart material technologies. The study introduces an analytical expression for the amplitudes of transmitted and reflected waves, revealing how surface–interface energy generates phase angles that differ from classical elasticity cases. Through numerical simulations and graphical illustrations, the authors demonstrate the influence of surface–interface elasticity, pre-stress, and piezoelectric coupling parameters on wave amplitudes. The findings underscore the importance of these factors in the development of advanced piezoelectric nanomaterials and nanostructures, offering valuable insights for fields such as non-destructive testing, structural health monitoring, and the design of intelligent devices. The article also validates its model against classical cases, ensuring the robustness of its conclusions. The detailed analysis and practical implications make this study a significant contribution to the understanding of wave propagation in piezoelectric materials.