Effects of Sea Sand and Fly Ash on the Compressive Strength of Concrete

The global demand for concrete continues to rise, driven by rapid infrastructure development. This chapter delves into the potential of using sea sand and fly ash as sustainable alternatives to traditional river sand and cement in Portland cement concrete (PCC). The study investigates the compressive strength of PCC when river sand is replaced with sea sand at varying ratios, and when fly ash is used as a cement substitute. The results reveal that a 50% replacement of river sand with sea sand significantly enhances the compressive strength of concrete, making it a viable option for non-reinforced concrete applications. Additionally, the incorporation of fly ash up to 20% demonstrates promising results, contributing to the reduction of cement usage and carbon emissions. The chapter also addresses the challenges and necessary quality control measures for implementing sea sand in concrete production, highlighting its potential benefits for environmental conservation and sustainable construction practices. The findings provide valuable insights into optimizing concrete mixtures for enhanced durability, resilience, and reduced environmental impact.