Efficient chain-encryption-based quantum signature scheme with semi-trusted arbitrator

In this paper, a quantum signature scheme with semi-trusted arbitrator is proposed. In our scheme, the signatory encodes the classical message into non-orthogonal quantum sequence. Then, he generates the secret parameters with the key-controlled hash functions. The secret parameters are used to control the Pauli operation and Hadamard operation to encrypt the quantum message. After that the quantum message is entangled as the chained quantum sequence, which is used as the quantum signature. The quantum signature is verified by the chained decryption. The arbitrator and signature receiver need not perform the quantum swap test. The partners need not prepare the redundant decoy particles for the use of checking the quantum channel, because the disturbances can break the entangled chain such that the disturbed signature cannot pass the signature verification. Our scheme is secure against the forgery attack. Even the arbitrator cannot effectively forge a quantum signature. Therefore, the arbitrator can be semi-trusted. Our scheme has more advantages in security and efficiency than the similar arbitrated ones.