ELECTRIMACS 2022
Selected Papers – Volume 1
- 2023
- Book
- Editors
- Serge Pierfederici
- Jean-Philippe Martin
- Book Series
- Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering
- Publisher
- Springer International Publishing
About this book
This book collects a selection of papers presented at ELECTRIMACS 2021, the 14th international conference of the IMACS TC1 Committee, held in Nancy, France, on 16th-19th May 2022. The conference papers deal with modelling, simulation, analysis, control, power management, design optimization, identification and diagnostics in electrical power engineering. The main application fields include electric machines and electromagnetic devices, power electronics, transportation systems, smart grids, renewable energy systems, energy storage like batteries and supercapacitors, fuel cells, and wireless power transfer. The contributions included in Volume 1 will be particularly focused on electrical engineering simulation aspects and innovative applications.
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Table of Contents
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Modelling and Simulation of Power Electronics Systems
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Frontmatter
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Discussion on Classification Methods for Lifetime Evaluation of a Lab-Scale SiC MOSFET Power Module
Malorie Hologne-Carpentier, Bruno Allard, Guy Clerc, Hubert RazikThe chapter explores the challenges and methods for lifetime evaluation of SiC MOSFET power modules, crucial for the electrification of transportation systems. It delves into failure mechanisms such as Gate Oxide degradation and metallization lift-off, and proposes a methodology for constituting a relevant failure signature. The study highlights the use of machine learning algorithms, including Support Vector Machines, k-Nearest Neighbors, and Neural Networks, for classifying the signature and estimating the lifetime consumption of the power module. The research focuses on the practical application of these methods to ensure the reliability and availability of power electronic systems in transportation.AI Generated
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AbstractThis paper focuses on classification methods for evaluating the lifetime consumption (LC) of power electronics modules. The generalization of power electronics devices introduces new issues concerning the reliability of equipment, especially in the transportation field. To meet these expectations, this paper discusses an approach to evaluate the percentage of lifetime of a lab-scale SiC MOSFET power module, designed for an aircraft application. This module is based on a planar technology, and presents typical failure modes concerning the SiC MOSFET chip itself and its environment. The modules have been aged on a specific instrumented test bench to trigger the expected failure modes. Thanks to it, a large database of parameters have been obtained in order to find a relevant failure signature. Once the signature obtained, a comprehensive solution is required to classify the signatures into relevant classes related to the module LC. To meet the issue, three types of classification have been tested with learning data set: Support Vector Machine, k-Nearest Neighbors and neural network. The last contribution of this paper is a discussion on the evaluation of the percentage of lifetime consumption of a new test module thanks to the most promising models obtained from the learning data set. -
Dielectric Material Significance on Common Mode Transient Immunity of a Shielded Pulse Planar Transformer
Loreine Makki, Antoine Laspeyres, Anne-Sophie Descamps, Julien Weckbrodt, Marc Anthony Mannah, Christophe Batard, Nicolas GinotThe chapter investigates the significance of dielectric materials on the common mode transient immunity (CMTI) of shielded pulse planar transformers used in gate drivers. It highlights the challenges posed by high dv/dt in wide band-gap (WBG) technology-based power converters and the critical role of dielectric materials in mitigating these issues. The study compares the performance of Alumina ceramic and FR4 epoxy dielectric materials, focusing on their effects on parasitic capacitance and CMTI. Simulation methodologies using Altium Designer and Ansys Q3D Extractor are employed, followed by experimental validation to authenticate the results. The findings reveal that FR4 epoxy outperforms Alumina ceramic in terms of CMTI, making it a preferable choice for shielded pulse planar transformers. The chapter concludes by emphasizing the importance of material selection in enhancing the performance and reliability of pulse transformers in gate driver applications.AI Generated
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AbstractWide bandgap power switching device technologies earned immense superiority in power density converters in terms of higher switching frequency and efficiency attainments. However, this becomes opposing when utilized in planar pulse transformer-based gate driver applications, where rapid switching speeds originate electromagnetic disturbances due to the passage of common mode currents through the transformer’s stray capacitances. This paper will examine the common mode transient immunity (CMTI) of a shielded pulse planar transformer whilst examining the impact of dielectric material selection on the outcome result. The simulation methodology using Altium Designer and Ansys Q3D Extractor with dynamic links will be presented, in addition to agreeable experimental verifications. -
Transient Modeling and Simulation of Power Converter Including Parasitic Elements
Baptiste Trajin, Paul-Etienne VidalThe chapter introduces a methodology for modeling high integrated power converters, focusing on the simulation of parasitic phenomena using the bond graph approach. This methodology is applied to a buck converter, highlighting the choice of models for power transmission lines and their integration into the system model. The simulation results, presented in time, frequency, and time-frequency domains, reveal the impact of parasitic elements on voltage and current waveforms, particularly during switching operations. The detailed analysis of parasitic oscillations and their effects on power switches provides valuable insights for the design and optimization of integrated power converters.AI Generated
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AbstractThis paper presents a modeling and simulating methodology of transient phenomena in power converters for a large frequency bandwidth. The system under study considers parasitic elements of semiconductor switches, common mode parasitic elements of power transmission lines and their interactions in a high integrated buck converter with one switching cell. In particular, the methodology helps the modeler to chose between several types of models for a given element, i.e. T −model or Π −model of the power transmission lines. The proposed methodology finally allows to obtain a representation well-adapted to the simulation of the behavior of the power converter including parasitic oscillations along time. -
Enhanced Static and Dynamic Modeling of a Series-Series Inductive Power Transfer System with a Buck Post-Regulator
Kateryna Stoyka, Antonio Vitale, Eugenio Venere, Paolo ViscontiThe chapter delves into the advanced static and dynamic modeling of a series-series Inductive Power Transfer System (IPTS) integrated with a Buck post-regulator. The First Harmonic Approximation (FHA) method is employed for static modeling, revealing operating regions where the post-regulator output voltage exhibits non-monotonic behavior, crucial for system stability. The dynamic modeling is enhanced using Coupled Mode Theory (CMT), extending its applicability to various operating frequencies. The chapter also covers the design of a voltage mode controller for the Buck converter and validates the models through experimental results, showcasing excellent voltage regulation under both static and dynamic load conditions. These models and findings are essential for optimizing the performance and controllability of IPTS in various applications, such as electric vehicles and portable devices.AI Generated
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AbstractThis paper discusses enhanced static and dynamic modeling of a series-series compensated Inductive Power Transfer System (IPTS) using a Buck converter as a post-regulator. A First Harmonic Approximation (FHA) method is adopted to develop a static model of the analyzed Post-Regulated IPTS (PR-IPTS), highlighting operating regions in which a Buck post-regulator may exhibit controllability issues. Dynamic modeling of the proposed PR-IPTS is then performed by exploiting previous works based on a Coupled-Mode Theory (CMT). Their findings are herein extended to include a phase-shift modulation of the primary full-bridge inverter operating at whatever switching frequency. Experimental tests performed on a laboratory prototype confirm good output voltage regulation capabilities in both static and dynamic load conditions. -
Design and Optimization of a Post-Regulated Inductive Power Transfer System with a Series-Series Compensation
Antonio Vitale, Kateryna Stoyka, Eugenio Venere, Paolo ViscontiThe chapter explores the design and optimization of a post-regulated inductive power transfer system (PR-IPTS) using a series-series compensation topology. The primary focus is on enhancing system efficiency and output voltage regulation through modulation of the switching frequency and phase-shift angle of the full-bridge inverter. A voltage mode control strategy is adopted to regulate the output voltage at the receiving side, while the power transfer capability is increased using resonant capacitors. The static model of the PR-IPTS, obtained through a First Harmonic Approximation (FHA) method, enables sensitivity analysis and selection of appropriate compensation capacitors. Experimental results on a laboratory prototype validate the theoretical predictions, demonstrating the system's ability to deliver high power with high efficiency and stable voltage regulation.AI Generated
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AbstractThis paper discusses the design and optimization of a series-series compensated Inductive Power Transfer System (IPTS) followed by a post-regulator consisting in a DC-DC Buck converter. A static model of the system is developed through a first harmonic approximation method, and a procedure for compensation capacitor selection is proposed. A sensitivity analysis of the IPTS performances is carried out with respect to the variations of the primary inverter switching frequency and phase-shift angle, to achieve the efficiency maximization while ensuring the system controllability. Experimental prototype is developed able to deliver up to 29 W output power at a 12 V output voltage, yielding a 91.7% maximum efficiency. The IPTS behavior under both stable and unstable conditions is finally tested, thus confirming the static model predictions. -
PWM-Induced Current Modelling in Stator Slots with Multiple Stacked Coils
Antoine Cizeron, Hugo Milan, Javier Ojeda, Olivier BéthouxThe chapter delves into the complexities of PWM-induced current modelling in stator slots with multiple stacked coils, a crucial aspect of integrated modular motor drives. It introduces the concept of segmenting ordinary windings into stacked coils, enhancing control degrees of freedom and enabling the use of low voltage semiconductor devices. The study focuses on a practical model of two stacked coils, investigating the trade-offs between PWM-induced losses and fundamental current distribution losses. The analytical model accurately represents the influence of conductor position on inductance values, while the high-frequency model estimates PWM-induced current ripple and losses. The chapter concludes by synthesizing the findings, demonstrating that optimal current distribution can minimize total losses, making it a valuable resource for professionals seeking to optimize energy management in electrical machines.AI Generated
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AbstractThis paper deals with the PWM-induced current and losses in a specific segmented winding structure. The proposed segmentation process enables to split a winding into several coils. These latter are supplied independently by H-bridge converters and are wound around the same magnetic circuit. This process leads to a deeper segmentation of electric drives for enhanced modularity and reduced voltage rating. The strong magnetic coupling between each coil is described, and the control degrees of freedom are presented. This study provides a model based on an analytical method and on an equivalent electrical circuit calibrated through experimental results. A trade-off is found between the losses related either to the distribution of the fundamental component of currents or to the switching power converter supply. -
Current Sensor Fault Tolerant Control for a Synchronous Machine Based on Stator Current Estimation
Peyman Haghgooei, Ehsan Jamshidpour, Noureddine Takorabet, Davood Arab Khaburi, Babak Nahid-MobarakehThe chapter introduces a robust method for current sensor fault-tolerant control in synchronous machines, emphasizing the importance of stator current estimation. It details the fault detection algorithm, which continuously compares measured and estimated currents to identify faults quickly. The method ensures seamless transition to sensorless control, maintaining system stability and avoiding significant current overshoots, as demonstrated through simulations and experimental results. The study highlights the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in detecting and reacting to current sensor faults, ensuring continuous and reliable operation of synchronous machines.AI Generated
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AbstractIn this study, a current sensor faults tolerant control method is proposed for synchronous machines. The proposed method is based on the estimation of the stator currents. A comparison algorithm between the estimated and measured currents allows detecting a possible fault in the current sensors. Once a fault is detected in the current sensors, the control system is switched to the current sensorless control. This transition to sensorless control mode is achieved quickly without stopping or slowing down the rotor speed. To validate the proposed method, simulations and experimental tests are carried out on a wound rotor synchronous machine. -
Investigating and Modeling the Soft Switching Losses of IGBTs Under Zero Current Switching Conditions
Assil Bouach, Sébastien Mariéthoz, Arnaud Gaillard, Mickaël HilairetThe chapter delves into the critical issue of soft switching losses in IGBTs, focusing on zero current switching conditions to enhance efficiency in high and medium power DC/DC conversion applications. It presents an experimental investigation across a wide range of switching currents, highlighting the factors influencing ZCS losses. A key contribution is the development of a parametric model for the charge evacuated from IGBTs during the turn-off process under ZCS conditions. This model, validated through experimental measurements, offers a powerful tool for optimizing ZCS modulation schemes and transformer design, ultimately leading to significant reductions in switching losses and improved power density in cooling systems.AI Generated
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AbstractThe paper presents an investigation of IGBT’s zero current switching (ZCS) losses in a quasi-sinusoidal current mode series resonant converter.Theoretically, losses does not occur when the IGBT is switched at zero current. However, experiments show the opposite and switching losses are not negligible.Manufacturer’s datasheet do not indicate IGBT’s performance under ZCS condition which results in a lack of information to reduce the impact of the converter losses in order to reach high power density.A parametric model for the stored charge evacuated from the IGBT during turn off process is proposed based on experimental results.The impact of the ZCS modulation scheme and the magnetizing inductance of the transformer on zero current switching losses is discussed. -
Design and Control of a Synchronous Interleaved Boost ConverterBased on GaN FETs for PEM Fuel Cell Applications
Elie Togni, Fabien Harel, Frédéric Gustin, Daniel HisselThe chapter delves into the development of a high-efficiency, compact DC/DC converter using GaN transistors for PEM fuel cell systems. It discusses the IBC4 prototype, a synchronous interleaved boost converter with four parallel stages, controlled digitally at a high switching frequency. The control architecture, digital PWM signal generation, and high-resolution PWM signals are elaborated, along with real-time management of critical tasks and reverse current protection strategies. The chapter concludes with a novel conduction mode detection algorithm for enhancing electrical efficiency and reliability in fuel cell applications.AI Generated
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AbstractThis paper shares some solutions in order to implement a state-of-the-art synchronous Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC), based on gallium nitride (GaN) power transistors. The solutions discussed have been implemented and validated on a synchronous 4-phase IBC (IBC4) prototype operating at a switching frequency of 250 kHz, specially designed to control the electric power delivered by a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell module to a lithium battery pack. This paper focuses on digital control, such as PWM signal generation and the MCU requirements to reach high switching frequencies. It also discusses the issues related to the propagation delay of the sensors used and how to address them. The high switching frequency enabled by GaN transistors, combined with this DC/DC converter architecture and its phase-shifted control strategy, might heavily strain the load of the single MCU embedded. The real-time management of the different control loops is therefore exposed. -
Electromagnetic Transient Modeling of Power Electronics in Modelica, Accuracy and Performance Assessment
A. Masoom, J. Gholinezhad, T. Ould-Bachir, J. MahseredjianThe chapter delves into the electromagnetic transient modeling of power electronics using Modelica, focusing on its accuracy and performance compared to EMTP. It describes the development of detailed nonideal and ideal models for diodes, IGBTs, and converters in Modelica. The paper presents two numerical tests to validate the models and compare their performance with EMTP. The results show that Modelica offers high accuracy and flexibility in modeling, although its computational performance is slightly lower than EMTP. The chapter also discusses the advantages of using Modelica for power electronic simulations and highlights the potential for future work in this area.AI Generated
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AbstractThis paper presents the Electromagnetic Transient (EMT) modeling and simulation of power electronics in Modelica, a declarative equation-based language. In this paper, modeling of switching components such as diodes, insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBT) and multi-level converters using ideal and nonideal components are investigated. A three-phase three-level and a single-phase two-level converter with an open-loop controller are simulated in Modelica and EMTP®. The accuracy and performance of simulations are compared using the variable and fixed-step solvers. Analytical solutions are used for verification of results as well. -
Fuse on PiN Silicon Diode Monolithic Integration for New Fail-Safe Power Converters Topologies
Amirouche Oumaziz, Frédéric Richardeau, Abdelhakim Bourennane, Emmanuel Sarraute, Eric Imbernon, Ayad GhannamThe chapter discusses the integration of fuses on silicon diodes to create fail-safe power converter topologies. It begins by introducing the concept of fuses in power converters and their role in isolating faulty circuits. The focus then shifts to the integration of fuses on silicon diodes, with a detailed explanation of the design and technological processes involved. The benefits of this integration, such as enhanced reliability and compactness, are highlighted. The chapter also presents experimental results that validate the effectiveness of the integrated fuses, showing fast cut-off times and high post-arc isolation resistances. Overall, the chapter offers a comprehensive overview of the design, implementation, and testing of fuse-on-diode components, making it a valuable resource for specialists in the field of power electronics.AI Generated
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AbstractIn this paper, a first concept of monolithic integration of a fuse on a silicon PiN diode is realized and experimentally characterized. An integrated fuse on PiN diode allows fast cut-off, with low I2T (less than 2 A2.s) and short pre-arcing times (4–6 μs). These fuse-on-diode components are intended for fail-safe topologies power converter, aiming for more compact and reliable applications. The fuses were electrothermally designed using Comsol Multiphysics™ and TCAD Sentaurus™ simulations were carried out to study their integration on PiN diodes. Characterization and experimental tests were carried out after components realization.
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- Title
- ELECTRIMACS 2022
- Editors
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Serge Pierfederici
Jean-Philippe Martin
- Copyright Year
- 2023
- Publisher
- Springer International Publishing
- Electronic ISBN
- 978-3-031-24837-5
- Print ISBN
- 978-3-031-24836-8
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24837-5
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