Energy and Sustainable Aviation Fuels Solutions
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Sustainable Aviation 2023
- 2025
- Book
- Editors
- T. Hikmet Karakoc
- Shau-Shiun Jan
- Chih-Yung Wu
- Currao Gaetano
- Alper Dalkiran
- Ali Haydar Ercan
- Book Series
- Sustainable Aviation
- Publisher
- Springer Nature Switzerland
About this book
Sustainable aviation is a long-term strategy to provide innovative solutions to the aviation industry's challenges. The International Symposium on Sustainable Aviation is a multi-disciplinary symposium that presents research on sustainability-based issues and future trends in aviation from an economic, social, and environmental perspective. The conference provides a platform offering insights on a broad range of current topics in aviation, such as improving aircraft fuel efficiency, fostering the use of biofuels, minimizing environmental impact, mitigating GHG emissions, and reducing engine and airframe noise. ISEAS allows researchers, scientists, engineers, practitioners, policymakers, and students to exchange information, present new technologies, and developments. Also, discuss future direction, strategies, and priorities in aviation and sustainability.
Advertisement
Table of Contents
-
Frontmatter
-
Chapter 1. Aircraft Noise Monitoring for Greening the Airports
Oleksandr ZaporozhetsThe chapter delves into the sophisticated Airport Noise and Operations Management System (ANOMS), which monitors aircraft noise exposure levels and optimizes operations within environmental constraints. It discusses the four main reporting methods of aircraft noise measurements and the primary goals of ANOMS in aircraft operations. The chapter also explores the ICAO requirements for aircraft noise exposure management and the need for a specific ICAO document defining ANOMS' role and technical requirements. Additionally, it highlights the methodology for analyzing and reporting noise monitor data, emphasizing the importance of understandable metrics for communities. The chapter concludes by advocating for new ICAO guidelines that address noise annoyance and promote a proactive and collaborative noise management program, paving the way for the integration of urban air mobility.AI Generated
This summary of the content was generated with the help of AI.
AbstractNoise monitoring in the vicinity of the airports still does not play the role which is usually covered by environmental monitoring. It is generally defined as gathering, assessing and reporting environmental information obtained through continuous or periodic sampling, observation and analysis of both natural variation or changes and anthropogenic pressures and their effects on humans and the environment. Today, the Airport Noise and Operations Management System (ANOMS) is a sophisticated, acoustical system which monitors aircraft flight tracks, fleet mix and noise levels by time of day, season and on an annual basis. Four main ways of reporting measurements of aircraft noise were identified by the research—online platforms, reporting of noise monitor data, bespoke noise reports for a given community and noise contours. The goal of the ANOMS usage is to maximize aircraft operations within environmental constraints, reduce operating costs while improving noise office productivity, reporting regulatory compliance and increasing community tolerance for airport growth. It becomes a tool necessary to be used for proactive (not simply reactive as mostly realized now around airports worldwide) and even collaborative systems of noise management in airports. -
Chapter 2. Ranking of Indian Airlines
Mayank, T. Bangar RajuThe chapter uses Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to compare the efficiency of five major Indian airlines, including Indigo, Spice Jet, Air India, GoAir, and Air Asia. The analysis covers the period from 2016 to 2019, a time when the market was at its peak before being affected by the pandemic. The Malmquist Productivity Index is employed to evaluate the total factor productivity change of each airline, revealing that Spice Jet demonstrated the highest efficiency improvement. The findings highlight that operational efficiency is not solely dependent on fleet size or passenger count but rather on the control over various operational parameters. The chapter concludes with rankings based on the airlines' performance, offering valuable insights into the factors that contribute to their efficiency.AI Generated
This summary of the content was generated with the help of AI.
AbstractData envelopment analysis (DEA) is a nonparametric linear programming technique that evaluates the relative efficiency of a set of decision-making units (DMUs) that use multiple inputs to produce multiple outputs. DEA is widely used in various fields, including finance, healthcare, education, and manufacturing. DEA is especially useful for evaluating the performance of DMUs where there are no clear benchmarks or when traditional statistical methods are inappropriate. This abstract provides an overview of DEA analysis for Indian airlines, including its basic principles, mathematical formulations, and applications. DEA can help decision-makers identify inefficiencies in their operations and provide insights into how to improve performance. -
Chapter 3. A Brief Assessment of Aircraft Fuel Consumption and Pollutant Emissions for Departure Operations
Kadir Dönmez, Ramazan Kursat CecenThis chapter delves into the critical issue of aircraft fuel consumption and pollutant emissions during departure operations, focusing on ground operations at Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen International Airport. By leveraging ADS-B data and the ICAO Engine Emissions Databank, the study calculates fuel burn and emissions for various aircraft types. The analysis reveals significant variations in fuel consumption and emissions across different aircraft, with an average fuel consumption of 234.95 kg per aircraft. The results are compared with a previous regression model by Khadilkar and Balakrishnan, highlighting discrepancies and the importance of accurate data in mitigating environmental impact. The chapter underscores the need for precise emission inventories and the potential of machine learning to correct data gaps, offering valuable insights for aviation professionals and environmental scientists.AI Generated
This summary of the content was generated with the help of AI.
AbstractThe purpose of this study is to assess the quantities of fuel consumed and pollutant emissions of departure aircraft at Istanbul Sabiha Gokcen Airport during taxi operations. To only incorporate information relevant to taxi operations, automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) data was filtered. The International Civil Aviation Organization’s (ICAO) Engine Emissions Databank was used by considering different aircraft engine types to calculate the fuel and emission parameters. This allowed the calculation of fuel consumption and emission levels, including hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). The obtained results were then compared to the results of the previously reported model for fuel calculation considering the number of acceleration events. The findings of this study illustrated the variation in the differences between the ICAO emission databank and the model results across aircraft types. -
Chapter 4. Shear Thickening Fluid–Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Selim GürgenThe chapter delves into the development of shear thickening fluid–based triboelectric nanogenerators (STF-TENG), highlighting their potential to revolutionize wearable electronics. It discusses the advantages of TENGs in smart wearable systems and their limitations under impact conditions. The integration of STF with Kevlar fibers is presented as a promising solution to enhance the anti-impact performance and energy harvesting capabilities of TENGs. The chapter also explores the commercial potential of STF-TENG, emphasizing its applications in defense, aerospace, and electronics industries. By addressing the mechanical weaknesses of traditional TENGs, this research opens new avenues for the use of TENGs in dynamic loading environments, potentially replacing conventional materials for reduced weight.AI Generated
This summary of the content was generated with the help of AI.
AbstractConventional sensors are generally composed of thin films that can be easily damaged by external impact. As interest in wearable electronics continues to increase, a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) that uses a conductive liquid as a single electrode has attracted considerable attention. Even though a liquid-based TENG is attractive for a power supply to drive a wearable device due to its intrinsic shape-adaptability, a mechanical weakness is problematic. To improve its weak mechanical robustness, the smart rheology of shear thickening fluid (STF) is benefitted. Shear thickening fluid is a smart material that is adapted to many different applications. TENG is one of the application areas for STF. -
Chapter 5. A Short Review of Aircraft Noise Effects on Children’s Learning in Auditory, Non-auditory, and Cognitive Development
Korawit Fakkhong, Sophita Sa-Ngobkai, Supansa Yamee, Tipavinee Suwanwong Rodbundith, Nattaphon RangsaritvorakarnThe chapter explores the detrimental effects of aircraft noise on children's learning, particularly in auditory tasks, non-auditory tasks, and cognitive development. It delves into how noise exposure impacts children's speech perception, auditory working memory, and reading comprehension. Furthermore, it discusses the long-term health effects, including cognitive impairment and cardiovascular disorders, and how noise levels above recommended thresholds can significantly hinder children's academic performance. The chapter underscores the urgent need for appropriate acoustic design and interdisciplinary collaboration to mitigate these adverse effects.AI Generated
This summary of the content was generated with the help of AI.
AbstractThis chapter gives a systematic assessment of present evidence with respect to the impacts of noise, particularly aircraft noise on students’ learning performance. Areas covered includes children’s performance in auditory, non-auditory tasks, and children’s cognitive development. The evidence available suggests that aircraft noise has a significant impact on children’s learning, particularly older children are affected than younger children. The findings indicate that the effects of aircraft noise appear to be long term, leading to reduced memory, motivation, and abilities in reading and writing. These results provide further evidence of the detrimental impact of aircraft noise upon children at school, which required an appropriate acoustic design and collaboration between multi-sectors to minimise these effects. -
Chapter 6. Gaining of Conductivity in Shear Thickening Fluids
Selim GürgenThe chapter delves into the intriguing phenomenon of shear thickening fluids, which exhibit increased viscosity under higher shear rates. It discusses various models explaining this behavior, such as the hydro-clustering theory and the order-disorder theory. The focus then shifts to the practical applications of these materials in engineering systems, including energy absorption and vibration attenuation. The primary innovation explored is the introduction of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to impart electrical conductivity to shear thickening fluids, transforming them into multi-functional materials. The study meticulously investigates the rheological and conductive behaviors of these suspensions, revealing that CNTs significantly enhance both shear thickening properties and electrical conductivity. The experimental details and results are presented, showcasing the dramatic improvements in viscosity and electrical resistance achieved with CNT addition. The chapter concludes by emphasizing the potential of these intelligent suspensions in various advanced engineering applications.AI Generated
This summary of the content was generated with the help of AI.
AbstractShear thickening fluids are made of polymeric carrier liquids and organic or inorganic nano/micro-particles distributed in them. These special fluids naturally show dielectric properties due to polymeric composition. However, some attempts have been made to gain conductivity with these intelligent fluids. In the present work, a conventional shear thickening fluid was fabricated by using nano-size silica particles distributed in a polyethylene glycol medium. The rheology of this material was investigated under increasing shear rates. Moreover, electrical conductivity measurements were carried out to understand the conductive performance. Then, in the conductive phase, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were included in the suspension to enhance the electrical conductivity. The effect of CNTs on both rheology and conductivity was investigated. -
Chapter 7. High-Impact Resistance with Aerogel-Based Composites
Selim GürgenThe chapter delves into the history and evolution of body armor, emphasizing the need for lightweight and highly mobile protective systems. It introduces aerogels, particularly silica aerogels, and their exceptional properties such as low density and high surface area. The focus then shifts to polymer-crosslinked aerogels, or X-aerogels, which overcome the fragility of traditional aerogels and exhibit remarkable mechanical strength. The chapter explores the potential of these advanced materials in defense applications, showcasing their superior energy absorption capabilities and highlighting their promise for next-generation body armor. It also discusses the compressive behavior of crosslinked silica aerogels and their potential in various industries, including aerospace and defense.AI Generated
This summary of the content was generated with the help of AI.
AbstractNumerous researchers worldwide have studied protective composites, but no literature has presented advanced systems that provide both improved protection and lightweight properties. Although some researchers have attempted to develop such systems, they are still in the early stages of basic research. Scientists have investigated various lightweight materials, including shear thickening fluid (STF) or shear stiffening polymer (SSP), but these advanced structures are still being formulated and have not resulted in significant weight reduction. Aerogel is a promising material for lightweight structures due to its extremely low density, but conventional aerogel is brittle and prone to fracture. To overcome this, flexible polymer fillers such as polyurethane are combined with aerogel to enhance the mechanical properties, making it suitable for various applications. -
Chapter 8. Theoretical Performance Analysis of High-Entropy Alloys in Hybrid Rocket Motors
Muhammad Ezamuddin Ezzad Sabri, Muhammad Hanafi Azami, Norhuda Hidayah NordinThe chapter delves into the theoretical performance analysis of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) in hybrid rocket motors, focusing on the benefits and drawbacks of these systems compared to solid and liquid propellant rockets. It discusses the chemical characteristics of HEAs and their potential to enhance propulsive performance by raising the regression rate. The methodology involves thermochemical simulations using CEA-NASA software to evaluate various HEA concentrations and oxidisers under different conditions. The results indicate that 3% HEA provides the most thrust and that HEA2 outperforms HEA1 in terms of characteristic velocity, specific impulse, and adiabatic flame temperature. The chapter also compares the performance of different oxidisers and provides insights into the optimal conditions for maximizing propulsive parameters. The conclusion summarizes the findings and suggests areas for further research to improve data accuracy and experimental representation.AI Generated
This summary of the content was generated with the help of AI.
AbstractA hybrid rocket motor (HRM) is a type of rocket motor that combines features of both solid and liquid rocket motors. Hybrid rocket motors typically have lower specific impulse than liquid rocket motors, which can limit their performance in certain applications. While most hybrid rocket motors use traditional fuel and oxidiser combinations, this research aims to investigate HRM’s propulsive performance in a novel fuel additive design. The propulsive performance parameters are numerically determined for their characteristics’ velocity, specific impulse, and adiabatic flame temperature. Simulations were run using the Chemical equilibrium with applications-National Aeronautics and Space Administration (CEA-NASA) software. High-entropy alloy (HEA) was doped with paraffin wax at various concentrations to study the effects of the fuel and different oxidisers on the performance of the hybrid rocket. The highest overall performance for all parameters examined was achieved with the lowest HEA content and O2 as the oxidiser. -
Chapter 9. Selection of Sustainable Aviation Fuels: An Expert-Based Comparative Approach
Omar Alharasees, Utku KaleThe chapter delves into the critical factors influencing the selection of sustainable aviation fuels (SAF), highlighting the challenges and opportunities in economic feasibility, technical feasibility, and social acceptability. It employs the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to compare the preferences of experienced and less-experienced aviation experts, offering insights into the prioritization of environmental impact, economic feasibility, and technical feasibility. The study underscores the importance of collaboration among industry, policymakers, and the public in driving the development and adoption of SAF, crucial for mitigating aviation's environmental impact and achieving global climate targets.AI Generated
This summary of the content was generated with the help of AI.
AbstractSustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) play a vital role in achieving global carbon neutrality and mitigating the environmental impact of aviation. However, selecting the optimal SAF alternative necessitates a comprehensive assessment of economic, technical, and social considerations. To address this, a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach employing the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method was used. Seventeen international aviation experts, comprising both experienced and less-experienced individuals, participated in this study. AHP facilitated the prioritization of factors based on their relative significance, enabling well-informed decision-making that reconciles divergent stakeholder objectives. The evaluation outcomes emphasize the utmost importance of environmental impact criteria, followed by economic and technical feasibility. These insights are invaluable for policymakers and decision-makers in identifying the most suitable SAF alternative aligned with their specific goals and objectives. -
Chapter 10. Optimization of Vortex Generators for a Subsonic Aircraft Wing Using Taguchi Method
An-Jui Hsu, Wen-lih Chen, Ming-shi Hu, Yi-chung LiuThe chapter explores the optimization of vortex generators (VGs) for subsonic aircraft wings to enhance lift and delay flow separation at high angles of attack. It introduces the problem of flow separation and the role of VGs in mitigating this issue. The Taguchi method, in conjunction with computational fluid dynamics (CFD), is employed to optimize key VG parameters such as angle, spacing, and installation position. The study validates the CFD approach using experimental data and presents detailed results and discussions on the optimization process. The chapter highlights the importance of VG placement and provides insights into the optimal configurations for maximizing lift, making it a valuable resource for professionals in the field of aircraft design and aerodynamics.AI Generated
This summary of the content was generated with the help of AI.
AbstractAs an aircraft stalls under high angle of attack, airflow is separated from the wing surface, resulting in drastic lift loss and drag increase. Consequently, the performance of the wing is impaired, jeopardizing the safety of the aircraft. To mitigate this problem, a common practice is to install vortex generators on the upper surface of the wing. They function by introducing high-energy vortices into the sluggish boundary layer, thus delaying the separation to a higher stall angle. They can effectively improve lift during take-off and landing. In this study, several important parameters of vortex generators are optimized to produce the maximum lift at a high angle of attack. The results are very useful for the design of vortex generators to improve the safety of an aircraft. -
Chapter 11. Airline Technological Services and Airline Passengers’ Purchase Intention: An Investigation
Gamze Ozdemir, Fikri Ilgoz, Ibrahim Abdi Mohamed, Alper DalkiranThe chapter delves into the relationship between airline technological services and passengers' purchase intentions, highlighting the influence of digital technologies on ticket buying processes. It presents a comprehensive literature review and a survey conducted with 210 participants, analyzing the correlation between passengers' travel preferences, technology use, and their intention to buy tickets. The study identifies key factors such as travel type, frequency, ticket-buying channels, and preferred technologies at airports and during flights. The results contribute to understanding the behavioral intentions of airline customers, offering valuable insights for airline and airport operators seeking to enhance their services and maintain a competitive edge in the industry.AI Generated
This summary of the content was generated with the help of AI.
AbstractLiberalization has brought global competition to a high level. The increase in the level of competition has caused the transition to the product differentiation phase in airlines. It is seen that the competitive environment has caused the airline industry to innovate, and new strategic models have emerged. The developments in the sector contribute to an increase in the welfare level in sociocultural and socioeconomic terms. Airlines support tourism and the economy through travel and product/service exchange. The need for travel has caused airline companies to increase their offerings. It is known that airline companies see technology as one of their revenue-increasing methods. Developing technological applications affects passengers’ travel perceptions and experiences. Younger generations are more technology addicted, and they take a larger share of the pie. These younger generations embrace technological developments because they were born and grew up in the world of technology; mobile phones bridge an uninterrupted link with social networks, demonstrating the impact of technology on generations. Purchasing, which is the last stage of the consumer behavior process, follows the decision-making stage, and experiencing is the last step in this process. As recognized, understanding consumer behavior, purchasing decision process, and purchasing intention should be analyzed in detail to reveal the purchase intention. This study aims to examine the travel perception of airline passengers based on technology and to reveal the relationship between technology and purchasing behavior. -
Chapter 12. The Effect of Air-Blast Injector Design on Swirl Number and Spray
Yu-Ta Chen, Tony Yuan, Shih-Tu Wu, Chun-Hsiang LiaoThis chapter delves into the intricate relationship between air-blast injector design and spray characteristics, with a particular focus on the swirl number and atomization process. By employing a combination of experimental techniques and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, the authors investigate how various design parameters, such as guide vane angles and air mass flow rates, influence the intensity of air vortex and the subsequent spray patterns. The research highlights the importance of air vortex swirl number in determining spray angle, uniformity, and droplet size distribution. Notably, the study reveals that while a higher swirl number can enhance spray uniformity and reduce droplet size, it also leads to the formation of a hollow region within the spray, which can be detrimental to certain applications. The chapter concludes by offering insights into optimizing air-blast injector design for specific spray characteristics, providing valuable guidance for engineers and researchers in the field.AI Generated
This summary of the content was generated with the help of AI.
AbstractThis study investigates the impact of the air-blast injector design on airflow vortex intensity and spray characteristics. Flow field simulation is used to calculate the number of airflow vortices, and planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) technology and a particle size measuring instrument are employed for spray observation. Analysis is conducted on spray atomization angle, liquid mass distribution, spray non-uniformity, and sauter mean diameter (SMD) among other atomization characteristics.The results demonstrated an inverse relationship between the airflow vortex intensity and the average particle size of the spray, as well as the spray hollow intensity. On the other hand, a positive correlation was observed between the airflow vortex intensity and the spray atomization angle, spray hollow range, and spray uniformity. Therefore, the design of air-blast injectors with larger airflow vortex numbers, such as increasing blade angles or adopting airfoil-shaped blade designs, resulted in sprays with smaller average particle sizes, larger spray atomization angles, weaker hollow intensity, wider spray hollow range, and more uniform spray distribution. Under conditions where the gas mass flow rate continued to increase or the gas channel width was narrower, the airflow exhibited higher axial velocities, lower airflow vortex numbers, and stronger recirculation ranges and velocities. Consequently, the spray atomization angle, spray hollow intensity, and spray hollow range increased. The study also revealed an inverse relationship between the axial velocity of the airflow and the SMD of the spray. Thus, increasing axial velocity of the airflow led to sprays with smaller average particle sizes. -
Chapter 13. Properties and Specifications of Sustainable Aviation Fuels and Conventional Aviation Fuels
Mhd Bashar Al Kazzaz, Beneda KárolyThe chapter delves into the critical properties and specifications of sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) and conventional aviation fuels (CAF), focusing on their impact on the TKT-1 engine's fuel system. It discusses the chemical structures and general properties of both fuel types, emphasizing the importance of meeting current jet fuel specifications for safety and compatibility. The text also explores the environmental benefits of SAF, including reduced greenhouse gas emissions and enhanced air quality. Additionally, it highlights the potential for SAF to be easily integrated into existing engine fuel systems, minimizing the need for costly modifications and paving the way for a more sustainable aviation industry.AI Generated
This summary of the content was generated with the help of AI.
AbstractAs the aviation industry seeks to lessen its environmental effects, sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) have emerged as a possible alternative to conventional aviation fuels (CAFs). This chapter compares the properties and specifications of SAF and CAF, offering knowledge of their unique features and consequences for engine fuel system performance and sustainability. Key criteria such as sulphur content, density, flashpoint, freezing point, composition, carbon intensity, and emissions profiles are investigated to emphasise the unique characteristics of each fuel type. In addition, the possibility of SAF integration into the CAF is investigated, considering any necessary adjustments or needs. The findings add to a thorough understanding of the technical concerns related to SAF adoption, allowing for better-informed decision-making and promoting the aviation industry’s transition to more sustainable fuel choices. -
Chapter 14. Energy Minimization in CO2 Capture in a Natural Gas Power Plant
Rukiye Öztekin, Delia Teresa SponzaThe chapter focuses on the critical issue of CO2 emissions from power plants, emphasizing the importance of CO2 capture and storage (CCS) as a promising solution. It introduces a novel process that utilizes waste cold and hot energy from LNG regasification and natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) to enhance the efficiency of CO2 capture. The study demonstrates how this energy recovery process can lead to substantial reductions in fuel usage and overall energy consumption, while also improving the economic feasibility of CCS. By leveraging waste energy, the proposed process not only minimizes CO2 emissions but also increases the net power generation and exergy efficiency of the power plant. The economic evaluation shows a significant increase in net profit, making the proposed process a compelling solution for both environmental protection and economic sustainability.AI Generated
This summary of the content was generated with the help of AI.
AbstractIn the liquefied natural gas (LNG) power plant, amine scrubbing and CO2(g) liquefaction are often used for CO2(g) capture and storage (CCS) as it is suitable for large-scale installations. A large amount of LNG hot and cold energy is required for CO2(g) absorption, regeneration, and liquefaction. Waste LNG cold energy discharged into seawater from the LNG regasification process and waste LNG hot energy from the natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) can be recovered and reused. In this study, the model for CCS for waste hot and cold energy recovery of LNG power plants and regasification of LNG includes NGCC, CO2(g) capture and regeneration, and CO2(g) liquefaction. Exergy and economic analyses are discussed to evaluate the economic feasibility of process energy conversion. Finally, the net power generation and exergy efficiency of the proposed process increased by 20% and 11%, respectively. Economic feasibility net profit increased by 78%. The overall energy efficiency and economic feasibility of using waste cold and hot energy were observed to increase, which resulted in decreased fuel usage. -
Chapter 15. Air Traffic Management Principles: A Case Study on How to Create a Sustainable System
Eva MalevitiThe chapter delves into the core principles of air traffic management (ATM), emphasizing the need for a sustainable system that balances safety, efficiency, and environmental concerns. It presents a case study on how to create a sustainable ATM system, focusing on the integration of sustainability into ATM operations. The text discusses the role of performance-based navigation (PBN) in enhancing flight efficiency and reducing emissions, as well as the critical importance of cybersecurity in maintaining the safety and sustainability of ATM systems. By highlighting the connection between everyday operations and sustainability, the chapter offers valuable insights for professionals seeking to enhance the sustainability of air transportation.AI Generated
This summary of the content was generated with the help of AI.
AbstractThis chapter presents the basic principles of air traffic management (ATM), especially air traffic control operations, performance-based navigation schemes, and how they can correlate to sustainability and create viable aviation activities. The current chapter is part of a wider research study that shows what are the essential elements for creating a sustainability framework through a training process. Identification of the primary ATM principles and professional activities, in link with sustainability and what sustainability means for ATM, is one of the elements elaborated in the case study/training provided in ATM professionals. Presenting sustainability in the boundaries of ATM operations makes trainees more open and assertive to accept sustainability as a new concept for their professional tasks. -
Chapter 16. Impact of COVID-19 on Air Cargo Transportation in Turkey
Melike Peynircier, Ali Emre SarılganThe chapter delves into the significant role of air freight in the aviation industry, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. It examines the distinct characteristics of air cargo transportation, including the vulnerability to competitive forces and the limited availability of cargo airports. The study categorizes airports as primary and secondary locations, influencing cargo transport volumes. It also discusses the classification of air cargo transportation into 'only cargo,' combined, and integrated services. The impact of the pandemic on air cargo businesses in Turkey is analyzed, revealing strategies such as leasing aircraft, charter flights, and repurposing passenger planes for freight. The study highlights operational challenges, revenue increases, and employee management practices during the pandemic. Notably, it provides a detailed examination of cargo traffic trends from 2019 to 2022, showing the resilience and adaptability of the air cargo sector in Turkey.AI Generated
This summary of the content was generated with the help of AI.
AbstractDespite being the newest mode of transportation, air cargo has become one of the fastest-growing industries due to the social and economic benefits it provides. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of the pandemic on the Turkish Air Cargo Transportation sector. The present study involved an analysis of data obtained from reports released by the civil aviation authority in Turkey. Furthermore, the collection of data on alterations in freight patterns during the pandemic was facilitated by means of semi-structured interviews conducted with managers and experts affiliated with four air cargo businesses operating within the geographical boundaries of Turkey. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an observed correlation between the transportation of medical equipment and vaccines and the rise in air cargo traffic in Turkey. This increase in traffic has resulted in a corresponding expansion of cargo tonnage capacity among firms, which may be attributed to the growing number of aircraft involved in these operations. In summary, it is noteworthy that air cargo companies experienced a notable surge in both the quantity of aircraft utilized and the volume of cargo transported during the COVID-19 pandemic, which stands in contrast to the trends observed in passenger transportation. -
Chapter 17. Progress on PEM Fuel Cell–Powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Research
Mustafa Azer, C. Ozgur Colpan, T. Hikmet KarakoçThe chapter explores the advancements in PEM fuel cell-powered unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), addressing the critical issue of limited flight time in electric UAVs. It discusses the advantages of PEM fuel cells, such as high energy density and low operating temperatures, and their integration with lithium polymer batteries to meet high-power demands. The chapter reviews numerous studies from the past two decades, comparing different UAV types, power systems, and hydrogen storage methods. It highlights the challenges and future directions in commercializing fuel cell UAVs, making it a valuable resource for researchers and engineers in the field.AI Generated
This summary of the content was generated with the help of AI.
AbstractUnmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms have been widely studied worldwide over the past decades. It is predicted that it will be a trending topic for the next decades as well. When the development of unmanned aerial vehicles is analyzed, it is seen that they were initially used and developed only for military purposes. However, thanks to the widespread use of four-motor multirotors and the relatively simple operation protocols introduced by electric motors, the number of unmanned aerial vehicles used for civilian purposes has increased much faster than for military purposes and has already surpassed this number. Battery-powered only electric UAVs cannot stay in the air for long periods due to their high battery weights. Today, fuel cells are one of the topics being studied to increase the flight time of electric UAVs. Due to their high efficiency, fuel cells can significantly increase the flight time. In this study, fuel cell UAV studies in the open literature are reviewed and the differences between them are analyzed. -
Chapter 18. The Importance of Exergy for Sustainability in Aviation
Cengizhan Gök, Umut Çiçek, Selçuk Ekici, Özgür Ballı, T. Hikmet KarakoçThe chapter 'The Importance of Exergy for Sustainability in Aviation' delves into the application of thermodynamic analysis, specifically exergy, to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of aviation engines. It begins with an introduction to thermodynamic principles and the importance of exergy analysis in understanding energy losses and system improvements. The literature review highlights previous studies on exergy analysis in aviation, including a novel study on the CFM56-7B engine. The chapter then discusses the exergy analysis of an aircraft engine, outlining the calculations and assumptions made. It concludes by proposing exergy-based sustainability indicators for aircraft and engines, emphasizing their potential benefits for manufacturers and operators. The chapter offers valuable insights into how exergy analysis can contribute to more sustainable aviation practices.AI Generated
This summary of the content was generated with the help of AI.
AbstractThe concept of sustainability, as a word meaning, expresses the continuity and permanence of an existing balance. Sustainability can be expressed as a participatory process aiming at the prudent use of the society's economic, social, cultural, scientific, natural and human resources.Rapid population growth and constantly developing production techniques increase the global energy demand day by day. The sustainability of energy resources is one of the main difficulties that countries have to solve. One of these problems is that traditional energy sources will run out after a certain period of time. The second is that greenhouse gases produced by the burning of fossil resources are among the main causes of global warming and environmental pollution. The third is the expectation that traditional resources will become increasingly inadequate to meet the increasing energy demand due to the developing technology and rapidly increasing population volume due to the limited reserve.The world's understanding of development has shifted to the use of technology and resources, where energy can be obtained more efficiently and more economically, instead of energy abundance and unlimited consumption. Reducing climate change and global warming forms the basis of this new understanding. Efficient use of energy, ensuring the security of its supply, and access to less polluting and reliable energy sources are the essential elements for sustainable development. The breadth is determined by the density of global energy resources, oil and natural gas. -
Chapter 19. Operation of New-Generation Aircraft in the Emergency Response Service
D. Szilágyi, D. SziroczákThe chapter delves into the integration of electric Vertical Take-off and Landing (eVTOL) aircraft into Hungary's emergency response service, highlighting the potential to enhance response times in remote areas. It evaluates the feasibility of this concept by analyzing the performance requirements of eVTOLs, including energy needs, speed, and payload capacity. The study compares various eVTOL concepts and assesses their ability to meet the necessary operational criteria. The findings suggest that eVTOLs could significantly improve emergency response services, particularly in areas with limited access to ground ambulances. The chapter concludes by emphasizing the potential benefits of eVTOL integration, while acknowledging the need for further technological advancements and economic viability.AI Generated
This summary of the content was generated with the help of AI.
AbstractOne of the pioneers of urban air mobility and new-generation aircraft is the emergency medical service (EMS) application. Thanks to the potential public benefit from the emergency operation, efforts to realize this vision are supported by both the relevant authorities and the general public. Even though the core electric powertrain technology is advancing at a rapid rate, the required performance for safe and sustainable EMS operations is still an open question. In this chapter, the requirements for an operational concept for Hungary were investigated. The goal was to determine whether today’s electric aircraft designs that potentially could be used as EMS vehicles can perform the missions with the current technology level, taking the current regulatory environment into account. The investigated vehicles are eVTOL (electric Vertical Take-off and Landing) aircraft concepts designed for urban air mobility (UAM) applications. Based on the analysis, the proposed 34 km operational radius concept is on the edge of feasibility, but it is very sensitive to the mission profile. The duration of the vertical climb and hovering is the most energy intensive, and the feasibility relies on keeping it short. -
Chapter 20. The Impact of SAF on Reducing NOx, SO2, and Non-CO2 Emissions
Mhd Bashar Al Kazzaz, Beneda KárolyThe chapter delves into the primary pollutants emitted by turbojet engines, with a focus on the impact of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) on reducing NOx, SO2, and non-CO2 emissions. It presents data showing the rapid increase in NOx emissions and the potential of SAF to lower these emissions through lower flame temperatures. The experimental analysis conducted on the TKT-1 engine, which involves blending SAF with conventional aviation fuel, showcases the differences in emission levels under various conditions. The chapter concludes by emphasizing the promise of SAF in mitigating environmental impacts and improving air quality, encouraging further studies to understand the factors affecting SAF emissions.AI Generated
This summary of the content was generated with the help of AI.
AbstractThis research focuses on the non-CO2 benefits of using sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). Because of its potential to reduce air pollution, SAF is gaining traction as a viable alternative to traditional aviation fuels. We explore the impact of SAF deployment on important air pollutants using a thorough literature review and data analysis. SAF adoption demonstrates promising reductions in NOx, SO2, PM, and soot emissions, providing additional advantages to relying more on SAF which helps achieve the EU air quality standards, reduces aviation's environmental effect, and contributes to better air quality and public health. -
Chapter 21. Evaluation of UAS-Based Service Business Models for Road Surface Monitoring
D. Szilágyi, D. Sziroczák, Utku Kale, E. Özbek, M. Ayar, T. Hikmet KarakoçThe chapter explores the potential of using drones for road surface monitoring and evaluates various business models to determine the most economically viable options. It compares sales, service, and support activities, with a focus on the Hungarian and Turkish road networks. The study identifies processed data supply as the most advantageous service, emphasizing the need for advanced data analysis workflows. It also highlights the challenges of competition and market entry, underscoring the importance of expert availability for successful implementation.AI Generated
This summary of the content was generated with the help of AI.
AbstractDrones are being used in various applications, such as monitoring and data collection tasks. It has already been demonstrated that taking photos, videos, or collecting data even autonomously along a predefined path is not just possible. Drones are still particularly well suited and efficient at it. However, more feasibility is needed to make a business based on that application viable in the market. This chapter investigates whether unmanned aerial system (UAS)-based road surface monitoring and object detection are competent in today’s business environment, especially in Hungary and Turkey. The approach involved listing the potential business models that could be adopted, and then they were evaluated by experts using criteria relevant to the drone market. The chosen eight business aspects were considered with equal weight, and the highest-scoring idea was providing processed data about sections of interest to the customers. This model had the highest potential because the company can focus on the efficient collection of data, with the possibility to secure recurring inspection activity assignments that would provide a stable, plannable income. -
Backmatter
- Title
- Energy and Sustainable Aviation Fuels Solutions
- Editors
-
T. Hikmet Karakoc
Shau-Shiun Jan
Chih-Yung Wu
Currao Gaetano
Alper Dalkiran
Ali Haydar Ercan
- Copyright Year
- 2025
- Publisher
- Springer Nature Switzerland
- Electronic ISBN
- 978-3-031-70694-3
- Print ISBN
- 978-3-031-70693-6
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70694-3
Accessibility information for this book is coming soon. We're working to make it available as quickly as possible. Thank you for your patience.
