Energy Systems Transition

Digitalization, Decarbonization, Decentralization and Democratization

Authors: Vahid Vahidinasab, Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Book Series : Power Systems

Part of: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Table of Contents

About this book

Energy Systems Transition: Digitalization, Decarbonization, Decentralization, and Democratization provides a thorough multidisciplinary overview of the operation of modern green energy systems and examines the role of 4D energy transition in global decarbonization mitigation efforts for meeting long-term climate goals. Contributions present practical aspects and approaches with evidence from applications to real-world energy systems, offering in-depth technical discussions, case studies, and examples to help readers understand the methods, current challenges, and future directions. A hands-on reference to energy distribution systems, it is suitable for researchers and industry practitioners from different branches of engineering, energy, data science, economics, and operation research.

Frontmatter

Chapter 1. Energy Systems Decarbonization: Design Optimization of a Commercial Building MG System Considering High Penetration of Renewable Energies

Abstract

Due to growing electricity requirements, increasing energy cost, environmental emissions, and lack of access to electricity in many places, commercial building microgrid (MG) system based on renewable energy sources (RESs) offers an opportunity to overcome environmental problems and conserve fossil fuels. The penetration of renewable energy—distributed generations (DGs), especially photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine (WT)—in the hybrid system has been increased. Energy storage systems (ESSs) are utilized to overcome the intermittent nature of RESs and reduce dispatchability of generations from fossil fuels. The main purpose is to determine the optimum design and energy management of an MG system considering reliability indices. A particle swarm optimization (PSO) is implemented to solve the problem with different goals, including maximizing RES’s penetration, minimizing CO₂ emissions, and total cost of the system. The penetration impacts and the yearly load growth are considered. It is observed that high penetration of RESs reduces CO₂ emissions.

Hamid HassanzadehFard, Vahid Dargahi, Fatemeh Tooryan

Chapter 2. Data Analytics Applications in Digital Energy System Operation

Abstract

In today’s energy industry, the use of data analytics in modern digital energy system operation is an important research and innovation area. Data analysis has a key role in any modern industries and is a significant part of the optimal modern operation and planning in different industries, especially in smart power systems. This is a motivation for efficient data monitoring and processing methods to operate the digital energy system. This chapter aims to present algorithms and tools in the area of data analysis as well as the application of these tools to solve problems and challenges in modern electric power systems. In addition, basic concepts in data analysis methods, technical approaches, and research opportunities for analyzing energy data and its application in digital electric energy systems operation are discussed. Moreover, data security challenges, data management, and visualization with analysis of system input data are introduced.

Ali Paeizi, Mohammad Taghi Ameli, Sasan Azad

Chapter 3. A New Stable Solar System for Electricity, Cooling, Heating, and Potable Water Production in Sunny Coastal Areas

Abstract

Nowadays, more attention is paid to provide clean energy products with low environmental pollution in a decentralized way. Many coastal rural areas suffer from freshwater and electricity scarcity, especially in hot weather condition. Meanwhile, these regions have a great access to intense solar radiation and seawater. Hence, it seems logical to use the available solar energy in those places to provide to necessities like power, heating, and cooling. A new solar cooling, power, heating, and freshwater production system is designed, evaluated, and optimized in this research. The proposed system is composed of several subsystems to generate each product with high efficiency and reliability. Solar energy is unavailable at night, so molten salt energy storage is used to establish the steady operation of the system. Then, the system is evaluated from thermodynamic and exergoeconomic viewpoints, and a parametric study is accomplished to study the effect on the system performance of key variables. In the end, the system is optimized to determine its best operating condition for different cases.

Leyla Khani, Mousa Mohammadpourfard

Chapter 4. Investigation of a New Methanol, Hydrogen, and Electricity Production System Based on Carbon Capture and Utilization

Abstract

It is well-known that clean energy transition requires low carbon emission. The increase in population, economic development, and human welfare demands has led to a rise in energy consumption, mainly supplied by fossil fuels. However, burning fossil fuels produces carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas and a contributor to environmental problems. Therefore, carbon capture and conversion to different products have gained attention. On the other hand, combining two or more different thermodynamic systems for simultaneous production of various demands from one energy source looks reasonable. In this regard, a new trigeneration system is proposed to decrease atmospheric carbon dioxide emission and produce methanol, hydrogen, and power. A flue gas stream with a defined composition, solar energy, and atmospheric air are the system’s inlets. Then, mass, energy, and exergy balance equations are applied for each subsystem to investigate the system’s thermodynamic performance. Also, the effect of changing operating parameters on the performance of each subsystem is studied.

Leyla Khani, Mousa Mohammadpourfard

Chapter 5. Protection and Monitoring of Digital Energy Systems Operation

Abstract

Digital transition of energy systems encloses all major parts of the electric grids, including power system protection and monitoring. This chapter first accurately reviews the basics of smart microgrid protection since the definitions vary from a reference to another. Then it focuses on the fault responses of inverter-based resources (IBRs), as those are emerging technologies that will be playing the great role of interfacing primary energy resources and the grid. In particular, for materialization of net-zero carbon emission in electricity generation, the use of IBRs is indispensable. However, the non-universal and software-defined IBR fault responses make conventional relays such as overcurrent, directional, and distance relays inapplicable in heavily IBR-based grids. Therefore, the discrepancy between conventional and IBR fault responses is elaborated, and possible solutions to the looming protection issues are discussed. The shortcomings and merits of each solution are also discussed.

Reza Jalilzadeh Hamidi, Ananta Bijoy Bhadra

Chapter 6. Optimizing Wind Power Participation in Day-Ahead Electricity Market Using Meta-heuristic Optimization Algorithms

Abstract

Recently, use of wind generation due to its clean and cheap power has been considerably increased. The presence of wind sources in power systems brings several challenges for the operators. They have difficulties to make suitable decisions for electricity market, due to uncertain nature of wind power. In this chapter, a new objective function considering wind power uncertainty is proposed to minimize total expected costs. To do so, a new procedure is presented to quantify probability density function (PDF) of each uncertainty interval based on wind power plant’s information. Considering the derived PDF, the objective function is formed and optimized by using meta-heuristic optimization algorithms. The results reveal a reduction in total expected cost has up to 20%.

Hamed Dehghani, Behrooz Vahidi

Chapter 7. Robust Energy Management of Virtual Energy Hub Considering Intelligent Parking Lots for the Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Abstract

Energy systems transitions have faced a big challenge with the advent of multi-energy systems. Smart grid and virtual energy hub (VEH) concepts provide the opportunity for the integration of multiple energy carriers with electrical energy. A VEH formed by smart grid framework can operate the plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) and manage their behavior in a smart way. In this chapter, the energy management problem for the participation of VEH in the electrical and thermal energy markets considering intelligent parking lots is presented. For modeling PHEVs, the uncertainty of entrance and exit times of PHEVs is considered, which affects their charging and discharging process. In addition to PHEVs’ behavior, the output power of renewable energy resources, energy price, and energy demand have uncertain nature. For dealing with these uncertainties, robust optimization is a promising option, which provides the opportunity for managing the system for the worst-case scenarios.

Mohammad Seyfi, Mehdi Mehdinejad, Heidarali Shayanfar

Chapter 8. Hybrid Interval-Stochastic Optimal Operation Framework of a Multi-carrier Microgrid in the Presence of Hybrid Electric and Hydrogen-Based Vehicles Intelligent Parking Lot

Abstract

As to deliver sustainable and reliable energy to demands with low emission, a multi-carrier microgrid (MCMG) structure has been proposed. Hybrid electric and hydrogen-based vehicles (HEHVs) have been introduced to facilitate decarbonized and decentralized coupled energy systems for decision-makers. So, HEHVs intelligent parking lot (IPL) integrated with MCMG is an appropriate solution. Accordingly, the considered MCMG in this chapter supplies multi-energy demands (MEDs), i.e., electrical, thermal, and cooling, via various technologies besides exchanging power and natural gas from the respective upstream grids. The uncertainty of HEHVs’ driving patterns, generation of renewable energy sources (RESs), and consumption of MEDs are modeled via the scenario-based stochastic; however, an interval-based optimization approach is taken for the market price uncertainty. Consequently, numerical results indicated the effectiveness of the introduced hybrid interval-stochastic model in which the deviation of overall operation cost is reduced up to 67.47%, while the average cost approximately is increased up to 1.87%.

Masoud Agabalaye-Rahvar, Amir Mirzapour-Kamanaj, Kazem Zare, Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam

Backmatter

Title: Energy Systems Transition
Authors: Vahid Vahidinasab
Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Electronic ISBN: 978-3-031-22186-6
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-22185-9
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22186-6