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2019 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

4. Entrepreneur oder Intrapreneur – Prägende Einflüsse auf die Wahl der unternehmerischen Alternative am Fallbeispiel von ClimbZ

Author : Constantin Niemann

Published in: Fallstudien zu akademischen Ausgründungen

Publisher: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden

Zusammenfassung

Der vorliegende Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit einem unternehmerischen Individuum, das vor der Wahl zwischen zwei verschiedenen unternehmerischen Alternativen stand. Der Gründer Jan Hoffmann musste sich entscheiden, ob er das Angebot annimmt, eine neue Geschäftseinheit bei einem mittelständischen Bergsportausrüster zu integrieren (Intrapreneurship) oder ob er seine eigene Geschäftsidee im Rahmen einer unabhängigen Gründung umsetzt (Entrepreneurship). Ziel der Fallstudie ist es, den Einfluss zu beleuchten, den die unterschiedlichen Prägungsquellen (Umwelt, Organisationen und Bezugspersonen) auf ein Individuum mit Blick auf die Wahl der unternehmerischen Alternativen haben können. Die Fallstudie zeigt zwei Dinge: Erstens, dass die relative Intention zwischen Entrepreneurship und Intrapreneurship von der relativen wahrgenommenen Realisierbarkeit bzw. Erwünschtheit beider Alternativen abhängt. Zweitens, dass Prägungsquellen auf diese Intention wirken können, indem sie die wahrgenommene Realisierbarkeit und Erwünschtheit beider unternehmerischer Alternativen getrennt voneinander beeinflussen.

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Footnotes
1
Parker (2011) stützt sich auf die Unterscheidung von allgemeinem und spezifischem Humankapital nach Becker (1964). Hierbei bezieht sich allgemeines Humankapital auf Fähigkeiten, Wissen und Erfahrungen, die organisationsunabhängig verwendet werden können (und bspw. durch Schulen und Hochschulen vermittelt werden). Spezifisches Humankapital dagegen bezieht sich auf Fähigkeiten aus Trainingsprogrammen von Organisationen, die primär für eben die vermittelnde Organisation notwendig sind.
 
2
An dieser Stelle muss angemerkt werden, dass in der Literatur ein Diskurs um das Thema der Persistenz von Prägungen aufkommt (Marquis und Tilcsik 2013), der hinterfragt, ob Prägungen durch Einflüsse in neuen sensitiven Perioden überlagert und verstärkt bzw. abgeschwächt werden. Obwohl dieser Diskurs zurzeit besteht, liegt der Grundgedanke von Prägung darin, dass der Einfluss zumindest für eine gewisse Zeit überdauert, weswegen auch in dieser Arbeit davon ausgegangen wird, dass Prägungsquellen während sensibler Phasen einen anhaltenden Effekt auf das unternehmerische Verhalten von Individuen haben können. Dies erscheint nicht zuletzt wegen Studien wie beispielsweise der von Degeorge und Fayolle (2008) angemessen, da sie zeigen, dass die Intention unternehmerisch aktiv zu werden, zeitlich stabil ist, nachdem sie erzeugt wurde.
 
3
Intrapreneure konnten im Rahmen der Datenerhebung des Global Entrepreneurship Monitors darüber identifiziert werden, dass Individuen sich in einem Angestelltenverhältnis befanden und aktiv bei der Ideenfindung und bzw. oder bei der Nutzung der unternehmerischen Chance involviert waren Bosma et al. (2014).
 
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Metadata
Title
Entrepreneur oder Intrapreneur – Prägende Einflüsse auf die Wahl der unternehmerischen Alternative am Fallbeispiel von ClimbZ
Author
Constantin Niemann
Copyright Year
2019
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-25700-2_4