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Published in:
Changes in Environmental Policy in the Past 40 Years of Reform and Opening-Up Read chapter Read first chapter

2021 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

Environmental Legislation in the Past 70 Years

Author : Zhongmei Lv

Published in: Beautiful China: 70 Years Since 1949 and 70 People’s Views on Eco-civilization Construction

Publisher: Springer Singapore

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Abstract

The year 2019 marks the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Over the past 70 years, China has promulgated a full range of environmental laws, developed an environmental legislative system with Chinese characteristics, actively participated in global environmental governance, and led the world onto the path towards environmental rule of law. A review of the 70-year history of building the environmental rule of law and an analysis of the context in which the environmental rule of law has evolved over the years can help us build confidence in the environmental rule of law in the new era and is of profound significance to China’s efforts to accelerate the development of the environmental rule of law in the new era, improve the environmental legislative system, and achieve the goals of the Beautiful China campaign.

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previous chapter Changes in Environmental Policy in the Past 40 Years of Reform and Opening-Up
next chapter Environmental Protection in China in the Past 70 Years
Footnotes
1
From a global perspective, many countries have had laws concerning nature and the environment since ancient times. For example, in China, the law of the Shang Dynasty stipulated that the hands of anyone who dumped ashes on a street would be chopped off. However, although these laws did have the effect of protecting the environment, they were not specifically designed for this purpose. Therefore, scholars of jurisprudence do not regard them as environmental legislation. A consensus in the academic circle is that the concept of environmental protection in the modern sense was first put forward in the Stockholm Declaration on the Human Environment; “environmental law” in the modern sense is a law aimed at protecting the environment formulated by human beings on the basis of re-understanding the relationship between man and nature. For example, the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 enacted by the United States is one of such environmental laws.
 
2
On June 11, 1972, People’s Daily published an article (on the 5th page) titled “The head of the Chinese delegation made a speech at the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment and expounded China’s propositions on environmental issues,” which the first news report on environmental protection in China. On June 16, 1972, People’s Daily published an article (on the second page) titled “Economic Development and Environmental Protection,” arguing that the Chinese government should attach equal importance to economic development and environmental protection. Because of these understandings, China’s focus was on the control of industrial waste when it first started promoting environmental legislation.
 
3
In December 1978, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China forwarded the Summary of the Environmental Protection Work Report of the State Council’s Environmental Protection Leading Group (ZF(1978) No. 79), which pointed out: “Eliminating pollution and protecting the environment are an important part of China’s efforts to promote the development of socialism in the country and achieve the four modernizations…We must keep in mind that environmental pollution is a major obstacle to sustainable development.”
 
4
In March 2017, General Principles of Civil Law was approved at the Fifth Session of the 12th National People’s Congress. It stipulates that “All individuals and entities shall use resources in a sustainable manner and protect the environment when interacting with each other” (Chapter I, Article 9), which is called the “green principle.” This provision is of great significance for regulating natural resource development and utilization activities and ensuring ecological safety.
 
Metadata
Title
Environmental Legislation in the Past 70 Years
Author
Zhongmei Lv
Copyright Year
2021
Publisher
Springer Singapore
Book
Beautiful China: 70 Years Since 1949 and 70 People’s Views on Eco-civilization Construction

Print ISBN: 978-981-336-741-8

Electronic ISBN: 978-981-336-742-5

Copyright Year: 2021

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6742-5_2