Environmental transformations of DPA, SOPP, benomyl, and TBZ

Diphenylamine (DPA), sodium orthophenylphenate (SOPP), benomyl, and thiabendazole (TBZ) are frequently used to control the physical, chemical, and bacterial degradation of fruit during controlled-atmosphere storage. Once discharged to the environment, these chemicals may either be degraded or remain unaltered. Furthermore, the parent compounds and/or their metabolites may either remain at the initial point of release or be transported to other locations. In water, for example, chemicals may either stay in solution (in their original form and/or as derivatives), or they may be removed from solution by precipitation, by adsorption on suspended particles or bottom sediments, by uptake by biota, and/or by volatilization to the atmosphere.