Estimating the effects of ESG scores on corporate credit ratings using multivariate ordinal logit regression

We estimated the effects of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) scores on the credit ratings of firms in the sectors of manufacturing, mining and quarrying, wholesale and retail trade, information and communication, and real estate activities and located in North America, Europe, and Asia using a multivariate ordinal logit model. We use credit ratings by the S&P and Fitch agencies and the Refinitiv ESG pillar scores as measures of the performance of firms on sustainability matters. We found that the Environmental pillar score is the dimension of sustainability that most contributes to improving the goodness-of-fit of the credit rating model. It has a significant positive effect on credit ratings in all sectors investigated, with stronger effects for mining and quarrying firms. Firms that manage environmental matters better than their industry peers are perceived as more resilient to long-term risks and these tend to be rewarded by credit rating agencies. Some mixed evidence between credit rating agencies is found for the social and governance dimensions in terms of statistical significance and estimated marginal effects by sector.