1 Introduction
The theory of warped product manifolds is an emerging research area in differential geometry. The idea of a warped product manifold was first discovered by Bishop and O’Neil (cf. [1]) as a manifold of negative curvature. They defined the manifolds based on \(M_{1}\) and \(M_{2}\), which are the two Riemannian manifolds of dimensions \(n_{1}\) and \(n_{2}\) endowed with Riemannian matrices \(g_{1}\) and \(g_{2}\) such that \(f:M_{1}\rightarrow(0, \infty)\) be a positive differentiable function on \(M_{1}\). Thus, the warped product \(M=M_{1}\times_{f}M_{2}\) is defined based on the product manifold \(M_{1}\times M_{2}\) equipped with a metric \(g=g_{1}+f^{2}\cdot g_{2}\). Moreover, if we consider that \(\gamma_{1}:M_{1}\times M_{2}\rightarrow M_{1}\) and \(\gamma_{2}:M_{1}\times M_{2}\rightarrow M_{2}\) are the natural projections on \(M_{1}\) and \(M_{2}\), respectively, then the metric g on a warped product is defined as for any X tangent to TM. The function f is called the warping function. If \(f=1\), then M is called a simply Riemannian product manifold. In contrast, M is denoted a non-trivial warped product manifold when \(f\neq1\). Let \(M=M_{1}\times_{f}M_{2}\) be a non-trivial warped product manifold of an arbitrary Riemannian manifold M̃. Then for any vector fields \(X\in\Gamma(TM_{1})\) and \(Z\in\Gamma(TM_{2})\). Further, ∇ is a Levi-Citvita connection of the induced Riemannian manifold M.
$$\begin{aligned} \|X\|^{2}=\bigl\| \gamma_{1}^{*}(X)\bigr\| ^{2}+(fo\gamma_{1})^{2} \bigl\| \gamma_{2}^{*}(X)\bigr\| ^{2}, \end{aligned}$$
(1.1)
$$ \nabla_{X}Z=\nabla_{Z}X=(X\ln f)Z, $$
(1.2)
The approach of such type inequalities for warped products in almost Hermitian and almost contact metric manifolds has been an important field for a few decades. Especially, Chen in [2] obtained the sharp relationship between norm of the squared mean curvature and the warping function f of the warped product \(M_{1}\times _{f}M_{2}\) isometrically immersed in a real space form, i.e., we have the following.
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Theorem 1.1
Let
\(\phi:M_{1}\times_{f}M_{2}\)
be an isometrically immersion of an
n-dimensional warped product into 2m-dimensional real space form
\(\widetilde{M}(c)\)
with constant sectional curvature
c. Then
where
\(n_{i}=\operatorname{dim} M_{i}\), \(i=1, 2\), and ∇ is the Lapalcian operator of
\(M_{1}\). Moreover, the equality holds in the above if and only if
ϕ
is a mixed totally geodesic and
\(n_{1}H_{1}=n_{2}H_{2}\)
such that
\(H_{1}\)
and
\(H_{2}\)
are partial mean curvatures.
$$\frac{\Delta f}{f}\leq\frac{n^{2}}{4n_{2}}\|H\|^{2}+n_{1}\cdot c, $$
However, on the base of the literature, we find that several inequalities have been extended to various structures for warped products by many geometers in [3‐9]. Therefore other inequalities also appear, in [4, 5, 10‐19] for slant submanifolds and semi-slant submanifolds in different curvature forms, which are called Chen inequalities. In addition, it is well known that Atceken [20] studied the non-existence of the warped product semi-slant submanifolds of a Kenmotsu manifold such that structure vector ξ is tangent to the fiber. Meanwhile, Uddin in [21] and Srivastava in [22] proved that the warped product semi-slant submanifold of a Kenmotsu manifold exists in the forms \(M=M_{T}\times_{f}M_{\theta}\) and \(M=M_{\theta}\times_{f}M_{T}\), except in the case when the structure vector field ξ is tangent to \(M_{T}\) and \(M_{\theta}\), respectively. Moreover, we have studied some inequalities that Cioroboiu [13] and Aktan et al. [12] obtained for semi-slant submanifolds by constructing its orthonormal frame but overlooking the suitable conditions for inequalities of a warped semi-slant product. Therefore, one needs to derive the inequalities for the mean curvature and warping functions with slant angles of a warped semi-slant product in Kemotsu space form. In the current paper, we are extending studies like [13] for warped product semi-slant submanifolds in a Kenmotsu space form. We also generalize some other inequalities for CR-warped product submanifolds in special cases because of the warped product of semi-slant generalized CR-warped products in Kenmotsu manifolds. Moreover, the equality cases and geometric inequalities applications related to Wireless Sensor Network are also discussed.
2 Preliminaries
An odd \((2m+1)\)-dimensional smooth manifold M̃ is called a Kenmotsu manifold, if it is consisting in an endomorphism φ of its tangent bundle TM̃, a structure vector field ξ, and a 1-form η satisfying the following:
and the structure equation is given by
for any \(U, V\) tangent to M̃ (see [23]). The curvature tensor R̃ for Kenmotsu space forms is defined as where c is a function of the constant φ-sectional curvature of M̃ (see [3].
$$\begin{aligned} &\varphi^{2}=-I+\eta\oplus\xi, \qquad \eta(\xi)=1,\qquad \eta o\varphi=0, \end{aligned}$$
(2.1)
$$\begin{aligned} &g(\varphi U, \varphi V)=g(U, V)-\eta(U)\eta(V),\qquad \eta(U)=g(U, \xi), \end{aligned}$$
(2.2)
$$\begin{aligned} &(\widetilde{\nabla}_{U}\varphi)V=g(\varphi U, V)-\eta(V) \varphi U, \end{aligned}$$
(2.3)
$$\begin{aligned} &\widetilde{\nabla}_{U}\xi=U-\eta(U)\xi, \end{aligned}$$
(2.4)
$$\begin{aligned} \widetilde{R}(X, Y, Z, W)={}&\frac{c-3}{4}\bigl\{ g(X, W)g(Y, Z)-g(X, Z)g(Y, W)\bigr\} \\ &{}+\frac{c+1}{4}\bigl\{ g(X, \varphi W)g(Y, \varphi Z)-g(X, \varphi Z)g(Y, \varphi W) \\ &{}-2g(X, \varphi Y)g(Z, \varphi W)-g(X, W)\eta(Y)\eta(Z) \\ &{}+g(X, Z)\eta(X)\eta(W)-g(Y, Z)\eta(X)\eta(W) \\ &{}+g(Y, W)\eta(X)\eta(Z)\bigr\} , \end{aligned}$$
(2.5)
Let M be a submanifold of an almost contact metric manifold M̃ with induced metric g; if ∇ and \(\nabla ^{\perp}\) are the induced connections on the tangent bundle TM and the normal bundle \(T^{\perp}M\) of M, respectively, then the Gauss and Weingarten formulas are given by
for each \(U, V\in\Gamma(TM)\) and \(N\in\Gamma(T^{\perp}M)\), where h and \(A_{N}\) are the second fundamental form and the shape operator (corresponding to the normal vector field N), respectively, for the immersion of M into M̃. They are related as where g denotes the Riemannian metric on M̃ as well as the metric induced on M. Moreover, for a submanifold M, the Gauss equation is defined as for any \(U, V, Z, W\in\Gamma(T M)\), where R̃ and R are the curvature tensors on M̃ and M, respectively. The mean curvature vector H for an orthonormal frame \(\{e_{1}, e_{2},\ldots, e_{n}\}\) of the tangent space TM on M is defined by where \(n=\dim M\). In addition, we set Furthermore, the scalar curvature ρ for a submanifold M of an almost contact manifold M̃ is given by where \(K(e_{i}\wedge e_{j})\) is the sectional curvature of plane section spanned by \(e_{i}\) and \(e_{j}\). Let \(G_{r}\) be a r-plane section on TM and \(\{e_{1}, e_{2},\ldots, e_{r}\}\) any orthonormal basis of \(G_{r}\). Then the scalar curvature \(\rho(G_{r})\) of \(G_{r}\) is given by Let M̃ be a Kenmotsu manifold with an almost contact structure \((\varphi, \xi, \eta)\) and M be a submanifold tangent to the structure vector field ξ isometrically immersed in M̃. Then M is called invariant if \(\varphi(T_{p}M)\subseteq T_{p} M\), and M is called anti-invariant if \(\varphi(T_{p}M)\subset T^{\perp}_{p}M\) for every \(p\in M\) where \(T_{p}M\) denotes the tangent bundle of M at the point p. Moreover, M is called a slant submanifold if all non-zero vectors U tangent to M at a point p, the angle of \(\theta(U)\) between φU and \(T_{p}M\) are constant, i.e., they do not depend on the choice of \(p\in M\) and \(U\in\Gamma(T_{p}M-\langle\xi (p)\rangle)\) (see [24]). Except invariant, anti-invariant, and slant submanifolds, there are several other classes of submanifolds determined by the behavior of the tangent space of the submanifold under the action of a one-one tensor field φ of an ambient manifold.
$$\begin{aligned} &\widetilde{\nabla}_{U}V=\nabla_{U}V+h(U,V), \end{aligned}$$
(2.6)
$$\begin{aligned} &\widetilde{\nabla}_{U}N=-A_{N}U+ \nabla^{\perp}_{U}N, \end{aligned}$$
(2.7)
$$\begin{aligned} g\bigl(h(U, V), N\bigr)=g(A_{N}U, V), \end{aligned}$$
(2.8)
$$\begin{aligned} \widetilde{R}(U, V, Z, W)={}&R(U, V, Z, W)+g\bigl(h(U, Z), h(V, W) \bigr) \\ &{}-g\bigl(h(U, W), h(V, Z)\bigr), \end{aligned}$$
(2.9)
$$\begin{aligned} H=\frac{1}{n} \operatorname{trace}(h)=\frac{1}{n}\sum _{i=1}^{n}h(e_{i}, e_{i}), \end{aligned}$$
(2.10)
$$\begin{aligned} h^{r}_{ij}=g\bigl(h(e_{i}, e_{j}), e_{r}\bigr) \quad \mbox{and}\quad \|P \|^{2}=\sum_{i, j=1}^{n} g^{2}(\varphi e_{i}, e_{j}). \end{aligned}$$
(2.11)
$$\begin{aligned} \rho=\sum_{1\leq i\neq j\leq n}K(e_{i} \wedge e_{j}), \end{aligned}$$
(2.12)
$$\begin{aligned} \rho(G_{r})=\sum_{1\leq i\neq j\leq r}K(e_{i} \wedge e_{j}). \end{aligned}$$
(2.13)
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Recently, Cabrerizo et al. [24] extended of the mentioned definition into a characterization for a slant submanifold in a contact metric manifold. In fact, they have obtained the following theorem.
Theorem 2.1
Let
M
be a submanifold of an almost contact metric manifold
M̃
such that
\(\xi\in TM\). Then
M
is slant if and only if there exists a constant
\(\lambda\in[0,1]\)
such that
Furthermore, in such a case, if
θ
is a slant angle, then it satisfies
\(\delta=\cos^{2}\theta\).
$$\begin{aligned} P^{2}=\delta(-I+\eta\otimes\xi). \end{aligned}$$
(2.14)
Hence, we have the following relations which are consequences of Theorem 2.1, i.e.,
$$\begin{aligned} &g(PU,PV)=\cos^{2}\theta\bigl\{ g(U,V)-\eta(U)\eta(V) \bigr\} , \end{aligned}$$
(2.15)
$$\begin{aligned} &g(FU, FV)=\sin^{2}\theta\bigl\{ g(U, V)-\eta(U)\eta(V) \bigr\} . \end{aligned}$$
(2.16)
There is another class, which is called a semi-slant submanifold. The notion of semi-slant submanifolds were defined and studied by Papaghiuc in [25] as a natural generalization of CR-submanifolds of almost Hermitian manifolds in terms of the slant distribution and it was later extended to the setting of contact manifolds by Cabrerizo [26]. One defined these submanifolds as follows.
Definition 2.2
Let M be a submanifold of an almost contact metric manifold M̃. Then M is said to be a semi-slant submanifold if there exist two orthogonal distributions \(\mathcal{D}\) and \(\mathcal {D}^{\theta}\) such that
(i)
\(TM=\mathcal{D}\oplus\mathcal{D}^{\theta}\oplus\langle\xi\rangle\) where \(\langle\xi\rangle\) is a 1-dimensional distribution spanned by ξ:
(ii)
\(\mathcal{D}\) is invariant, i.e., \(\varphi (\mathcal{D})\subseteq\mathcal{D}\);
(iii)
\(\mathcal{D}^{\theta}\) is slant distribution with slant angle \(\theta\neq0, \pi/2\).
Assume that \(\phi:M=M_{1}\times_{f}M_{2}\rightarrow\widetilde{M}\) is an isometric immersion of a warped product \(M_{1}\times_{f}M_{2}\) into a Riemannian manifold of M̃ of constant section curvature c. Suppose that \(n_{1}, n_{2}\), and n are the dimensions of \(M_{1}, M_{2}\), and \(M_{1}\times_{f}M_{2}\), respectively. Then for unit vector fields \(X, Z\) tangent to \(M_{1}, M_{2}\), respectively, Let us assume a local orthonormal frame \(\{e_{1}, e_{2},\ldots, e_{n}\}\) such that \(e_{1}, e_{2},\ldots, e_{n_{1}}\) tangent to \(M_{1}\) and \(e_{n_{1}+1},\ldots, e_{n}\) are tangent to \(M_{2}\). Then
$$\begin{aligned} K(X\wedge Z)&=g(\nabla_{Z}\nabla_{X}X- \nabla_{X}\nabla_{Z}X, Z) \\ &=\frac{1}{f}\bigl\{ (\nabla_{X}X)f-X^{2}f\bigr\} . \end{aligned}$$
(2.17)
$$\begin{aligned} \sum_{1\leq i\leq n_{1}}\sum _{n_{1}+1\leq j\leq n}K(e_{i}\wedge e_{j})= \frac {n_{2}\cdot\Delta f}{f}. \end{aligned}$$
(2.18)
Lemma 2.3
[27]
Let
\(a_{1},a_{2}, \ldots, a_{n}, a_{n+1}\)
be
\(n+1\) (\(n\geq2\)) be real number such that
Then
\(2a_{1}\cdot a_{2}\geq a_{3}\)
with the equality holding if and only if
\(a_{1}+a_{2}=a_{3}=\cdots=a_{k}\).
$$\begin{aligned} \Biggl(\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_{i} \Biggr)^{2}=(n-1) \Biggl(\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_{i}^{2}+a_{n+1} \Biggr). \end{aligned}$$
3 Main inequalities
In this section, as applications of very famous studied of Nolker in [28], we obtain the following inequality for warped product semi-slant submanifolds of Kenmotsu space form such that ξ is tangent to the first factor of the warped product, i.e., we have the following.
Theorem 3.1
Assume that
\(\phi:M=M_{T}\times_{f}M_{\theta}\rightarrow\widetilde{M}(c)\)
is an isometric immersion from a warped product semi-slant
\(M_{T}\times _{f}M_{\theta}\)
into a Kenmotsu space form
\(\widetilde{M}(c)\)
such that
c
is a
φ-sectional constant curvature and
ξ
is tangent to
\(M_{T}\). Then:
(i)
The relation between warping function and the squared norm of mean curvature is obtained
where
\(n_{i}=\operatorname{dim} M_{i}, i=T,\theta\), and Δ is the Laplacian operator on
\(M_{T}\).
$$\begin{aligned} \frac{\Delta f}{f}\leq\frac{n^{2}}{4n_{2}}\|H\|^{2}+ \frac{c-3}{4}n_{1}-\frac {c+1}{4n_{2}} \bigl[3d_{1}+d_{2} \bigl(2+3\cos^{2}\theta\bigr) \bigr], \end{aligned}$$
(3.1)
(ii)
The equality case holds in (3.1) if and only if
\(n_{1}\cdot H_{T}=n_{2}\cdot H_{\theta}\), where
\(H_{T}\)
and
\(H_{\theta}\)
are partially mean curvature vectors on
\(M_{T}\)
and
\(M_{\theta}\), respectively. Moreover, ϕ
is a mixed totally geodesic immersion.
Proof
Let \(M_{T}\times_{f}M_{\theta}\) be a warped product semi-slant submanifold in Kenmotsu space form \(\widetilde{M}(c)\). Based on the Gauss formula (2.9) and (2.5), we derive As well we are concerned that M is a proper semi-slant submanifold of Kenmotsu space form \(\widetilde{M}(c)\). Thus, we define the following frame according to Cioroboiu in [13], i.e., Clearly, we derive From (3.2) and (3.3), it follows that Now we consider Then, from (3.4) and (3.5), Thus for a locally orthonormal frame \(\{e_{1}, e_{2},\ldots, e_{n}\}\), equation (3.6) takes the form which implies that Now consider that \(a_{1}=h_{{1}{1}}^{n+1}\), \(a_{2}=\sum_{i=2}^{n_{1}}h_{{i}{i}}^{n+1}\), and \(a_{3}=\sum_{t=n_{1}+1}^{n}h_{{t}{t}}^{n+1}\) and applying Lemma 2.3 in (3.8). Then we derive with equality holding in (3.9) if and only if Further, (2.12) and (2.18) imply that From (2.5) we obtain Thus, from (3.9) and (3.12), it is easily observed that Hence, using (3.6), then the inequality (3.13) reduces to This implies the inequality (3.1). The equality sign holds in (3.1) if and only if the terms left in (3.9), and (3.10) imply that and \(n_{1}\cdot H_{T}=n_{2}\cdot H_{\theta}\), where \(H_{T}\) and \(H_{\theta}\) are partially mean curvature vectors on \(M_{T}\) and \(M_{\theta}\), respectively. Moreover, from (3.9), we find that It means that ϕ is a mixed totally geodesic immersion. But the converse of (3.16) may not be true in a warped semi-slant product in Kenmotsu space form. Thus the proof of the theorem is completed. □
$$\begin{aligned} 2\rho={}&\frac{c-3}{4}n(n-1)+\frac{(c+1)}{4} \biggl[3\sum _{1\leq i\neq k\leq n}g^{2}(Pe_{i}, e_{k})-2(n-1) \biggr] \\ &{}+n^{2}\|H\|^{2}-\|h\|^{2}. \end{aligned}$$
(3.2)
$$\begin{aligned} e_{1}, e_{2}&=\varphi e_{1},\ldots, e_{2d_{1}-1}, e_{2d_{1}}=\varphi e_{2d_{1}-1},\\ e_{2d_{1}+1}, e_{2d_{1}+2} &=\sec\theta Pe_{2d_{1}+1},\ldots\quad e_{2d_{1}+2d_{2}-1}, e_{2d_{1}+2d_{2}}=\sec\theta P e_{2d_{1}+2d_{2}-1},\\ e_{2d_{1}+2d_{2}+1}&=\xi, \end{aligned}$$
$$\begin{aligned} g^{2}(\varphi e_{i}, e_{i+1})= \textstyle\begin{cases} 1, & \mbox{for } i\in\{1,2,\ldots,2d_{1}-1\},\\ \cos^{2}\theta, & \mbox{for } i\in\{2d_{1}+1,\ldots,2d_{1}+2d_{2}-1\}. \end{cases}\displaystyle \end{aligned}$$
(3.3)
$$\begin{aligned} 2\rho={}&\frac{c-3}{4}n(n-1)+\frac{(c+1)}{4} \bigl[d_{1}+d_{2}\cdot\bigl(3\cos^{2}\theta -2\bigr) \bigr] \\ &{}+n^{2}\|H\|^{2}-\|h\|^{2}. \end{aligned}$$
(3.4)
$$\begin{aligned} \delta=2\rho-\frac{c-3}{4}n(n-1)-\frac{(c+1)}{2} \bigl[d_{1}+d_{2}\cdot\bigl(3\cos^{2}\theta-2\bigr) \bigr]-\frac{n}{2}\|H\|^{2}. \end{aligned}$$
(3.5)
$$\begin{aligned} n^{2}\|H\|^{2}=2\bigl(\delta-\|h \|^{2}\bigr). \end{aligned}$$
(3.6)
$$\begin{aligned} \Biggl(\sum_{r=n+1}^{2m+1}\sum _{i=1}^{n}h_{{i}{i}}^{r} \Biggr)^{2}={}&2 \Biggl(\delta +\sum_{r=n+1}^{2m+1} \sum_{i=1}^{n}\bigl(h_{{i}{i}}^{r} \bigr)^{2}+\sum_{r=n+1}^{2m+1}\sum _{i< j=1}^{n}\bigl(h_{{i}{j}}^{r} \bigr)^{2} +\sum_{r=n+1}^{2m+1}\sum _{i, j=1}^{n}\bigl(h_{{i}{j}}^{r} \bigr)^{2} \Biggr), \end{aligned}$$
(3.7)
$$\begin{aligned} \frac{1}{2} \Biggl(h_{{1}{1}}^{n+1}+\sum _{i=2}^{n_{1}}h_{{i}{i}}^{n+1}+\sum _{t=n_{1}+1}^{n}h_{{t}{t}}^{n+1} \Biggr)^{2}={}&\delta+\bigl(h_{{1}{1}}^{n+1} \bigr)^{2}+\sum_{i=2}^{n_{1}} \bigl(h_{{i}{i}}^{n+1}\bigr)^{2} \\ &{}+\sum_{t=n_{1}+1}^{n}\bigl(h_{{t}{t}}^{n+1} \bigr)^{2}-\sum_{2\leq j\neq l\leq n_{1}}h_{{j}{j}}^{n+1}h_{{l}{l}}^{n+1} \\ &{}-\sum_{n_{1}+1\leq t\neq s\leq n}h_{{t}{t}}^{n+1}h_{{s}{s}}^{n+1}+ \sum_{i< j=1}^{n}\bigl(h_{{i}{j}}^{n+1} \bigr)^{2} \\ &{}+\sum_{r=n+1}^{2m+1}\sum _{i, j=1}^{n}\bigl(h_{{i}{j}}^{r} \bigr)^{2}. \end{aligned}$$
(3.8)
$$\begin{aligned} \frac{\delta}{2}+\sum_{i< j=1}^{n} \bigl(h_{{i}{j}}^{n+1}\bigr)^{2}+\frac{1}{2}\sum _{r=n+1}^{2m+1}\sum_{i, j=1}^{n} \bigl(h_{{i}{j}}^{r}\bigr)^{2}\leq{}&\sum _{2\leq j\neq l\leq n_{1}}h_{{j}{j}}^{n+1}h_{{l}{l}}^{n+1} +\sum_{n_{1}+1\leq t\neq s\leq n}h_{{t}{t}}^{n+1}h_{{s}{s}}^{n+1}, \end{aligned}$$
(3.9)
$$\begin{aligned} \sum_{i=1}^{n_{1}}h_{{i}{i}}^{n+1}= \sum_{t=n_{1}+1}^{n}h_{{t}{t}}^{n+1}. \end{aligned}$$
(3.10)
$$\begin{aligned} \frac{n_{2}\cdot\Delta f}{f}=\rho-\sum_{1\leq j\neq k\leq n_{1}}K(e_{i} \wedge e_{k})-\sum_{n_{1}+1\leq t\neq s\leq n}K(e_{t} \wedge e_{s}). \end{aligned}$$
(3.11)
$$\begin{aligned} \frac{n_{2}\cdot \Delta f}{f}={}&\rho-\frac{c-3}{8}n_{1}(n_{1}-1)+ \frac {(c+1)}{4}(n_{1}-1) \\ &{}-\frac{3(c+1)}{4}\sum_{{1\leq i\neq k\leq n_{1}}}g^{2}(Pe_{i}, e_{k})-\sum_{r=1}^{2m+1}\sum _{2\leq j\neq k\leq n_{1}}\bigl(h_{{j}{j}}^{r}h_{{k}{k}}^{r}- \bigl(h_{{j}{k}}^{r}\bigr)^{2}\bigr) \\ &{}-\frac{3(c+1)}{4}\sum_{{n_{1}+1\leq t\neq s\leq n}}g^{2}(Pe_{t}, e_{s})-\frac {c-3}{8}n_{2}(n_{2}-1) \\ &{}-\sum_{r=1}^{2m+1}\sum _{n_{1}+1\leq t\neq s\leq n}\bigl(h_{{t}{t}}^{r}h_{{s}{s}}^{r}- \bigl(h_{{t}{s}}^{r}\bigr)^{2}\bigr). \end{aligned}$$
(3.12)
$$\begin{aligned} \frac{n_{2}\cdot\Delta f}{f}\leq{}&\rho-\frac{c-3}{8}n(n-1)+ \frac {c-3}{4}n_{1}\cdot n_{2}+\frac{c+1}{4}(n_{1}-1) \\ &{}-\frac{3(c+1)}{4}(n_{1}-1)-\frac{3(c+1)}{4}n_{2} \cdot \cos^{2}\theta-\frac{\delta}{2}. \end{aligned}$$
(3.13)
$$\begin{aligned} \frac{n_{2}\cdot \Delta f}{f}\leq\frac{n^{2}}{4}\|H\|^{2}+ \frac {c-3}{4}n_{1}\cdot n_{2}+\frac{c+1}{4} \bigl(-3d_{1}-3d_{2}\cos^{2}\theta-2d_{2} \bigr). \end{aligned}$$
(3.14)
$$\begin{aligned} \sum_{r=n+2}^{2m+1}\sum _{j=1}^{n_{1}}h_{{j}{j}}^{r}=\sum _{r=n+2}^{2m+1}\sum_{i=n_{1}+1}^{n}h_{{i}{i}}^{r}=0, \end{aligned}$$
(3.15)
$$\begin{aligned} h_{{i}{j}}^{r}=0, \quad\mbox{for each } 1\leq i \leq n_{1}, n_{1}+1\leq j\leq n, n+1\leq r\leq2m+1. \end{aligned}$$
(3.16)
Theorem 3.2
Let
\(\phi:M=M_{\theta}\times_{f}M_{T}\rightarrow\widetilde{M}(c)\)
be an isometric immersion of a warped product semi-slant
\(M_{\theta}\times _{f}M_{T}\)
into a Kenmotsu space form
\(\widetilde{M}(c)\)
such that
ξ
is tangent to
\(M_{\theta}\). Then
(i)
The relation between warping function and the norm of the squared mean curvature is given by
where
\(n_{i}=\operatorname{dim} M_{i}, i=T,\theta\), and Δ is the Laplacian operator on
\(M_{\theta}\).
$$\begin{aligned} \frac{\Delta f}{f}\leq\frac{n^{2}}{4n_{2}}\|H\|^{2}+ \frac{c-3}{4}n_{1}-\frac {c+1}{4n_{2}} \bigl(3d_{2}+d_{1} \bigl\{ 2+3\cos^{2}\theta\bigr\} \bigr), \end{aligned}$$
(3.17)
(ii)
The equality case holds in (3.17) if and only if
\(n_{1}\cdot H_{T}=n_{2}\cdot H_{\theta}\), where
\(H_{T}\)
and
\(H_{\theta}\)
are partially mean curvature vector fields on
\(M_{T}\)
and
\(M_{\theta}\), respectively, and
ϕ
is a mixed totally geodesic immersion.
Proof
In the sense of Papaghiuc, i.e., the generalization of semi-slant submanifolds, we directly obtain the following corollaries by using Theorem 3.1, Theorem 3.2, and \(\theta =\frac{\pi}{2}\).
Corollary 3.3
Assume that
\(\phi:M=M_{T}\times_{f}M_{\perp}\rightarrow\widetilde{M}(c)\)
is an isometric immersion of a CR-warped product
\(M_{T}\times_{f}M_{\perp}\)
into a Kenmotsu space form
\(\widetilde{M}(c)\)
with
c
a
φ-sectional constant curvature such that
ξ
is tangent to
\(M_{T}\). Then
where
\(n_{i}=\operatorname{dim} M_{i}, i=T,\perp\), and Δ is the Laplacian operator on
\(M_{T}\).
$$\begin{aligned} \frac{\Delta f}{f}\leq\frac{n^{2}}{4n_{2}}\|H\|^{2}+\frac{c-3}{4}n_{1}- \frac {c+1}{4n_{2}} (3d_{1}+2d_{2} ), \end{aligned}$$
(3.18)
Corollary 3.4
Let
\(\phi:M=M_{\perp}\times_{f}M_{T}\rightarrow\widetilde{M}(c)\)
be an isometric immersion of a CR-warped product submanifold
\(M_{\perp}\times _{f}M_{T}\)
into a Kenmotsu space form
\(\widetilde{M}(c)\)
such that
ξ
is tangent to
\(M_{\perp}\). Then
where
\(n_{i}=\operatorname{dim} M_{i}, i=T,\perp\), and Δ is the Laplacian operator on
\(M_{\perp}\).
$$\begin{aligned} \frac{\Delta f}{f}\leq\frac{n^{2}}{4n_{2}}\|H\|^{2}+\frac{c-3}{4}n_{1}- \frac {c+1}{4n_{2}} (3d_{2}+2d_{1} ), \end{aligned}$$
(3.19)
4 Applications
Any geometric inequality reflects a free or constrained optimum problem with suitable strategies for improved bandwidth management in wireless communications due to the dynamically changing traffic conditions and network performance. Except, some applications of geometric inequalities can be found in Wireless Sensor Networks related to Power balanced coverage-time optimization and Coverage by randomly deployed sensors [29]. Therefore, some applications of geometric inequalities can be found in computer sciences.
Acknowledgements
This work is funded by of the Malaysian Ministry of Education under the High Impact Research Grant no. UM.C/HIR/625/1/MOE/FSIT/03. The corresponding author supported by UMRG grant no. FP074-2015A.
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Competing interests
The authors declared that they have no competing interests.
Authors’ contributions
All authors have equally contributed in this work. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.