The ethical implications of AI arise with respect to the moral values of humans and human societies. They are examined in this chapter under the three headings: Ethical implications related to the traveller, i.e. the decision making about travel (trip making) or transport (freight movement), Ethical implications related to the operation of the transport system, i.e., of the measures related to maximising efficiency and safety of the system and Ethical implications related to the vehicle, which refer to the use of the info and data about the driver of the vehicle. As regards the societal implications these relate to ways and means to safeguard that AI applications abide with commonly accepted social rules, conditions, and norms. The elements in each category of implications (ethical or societal) are discussed under names such as diversity, non-discrimination, fairness, privacy and security of users, and several others and then the various potential applications are classified under the following three categories: (a) Privacy, accountability, and security during the trip making. (b) Equitable use and accessibility of transport infrastructures and services, and (c) Maximum adherence to societal values, goals and objectives. As the need for ensuring equitable access to sustainable transportation is becoming a central issue of adaptation of the transport system in the face of climate change, this chapter further elaborates on the ability of Artificial Intelligence to support underserved and vulnerable communities in accessing climate-resilient transport services, to identify and support the mobility of vulnerable populations, to reduce mobility disparities, and to support inclusive transportation planning. At the end, the ethical implications of four specific mobility technologies are examined in more detail. These technologies are automated mobility, shared mobility, public transport, and freight transport and logistics.
