Evaluating Obstacles to Industry 4.0 in Cambodia’s Garment Sector Using Interpretive Structural Modeling

The investigation into the challenges of adopting Industry 4.0 in Cambodia’s garment sector has identified stringent national policies as the primary obstacle to technological progress. Furthermore, the MICMAC analysis has highlighted the presence of a singular autonomous variable, specifically the absence of cyber-physical systems. In Cluster II, the variables related to extended learning cycles, the lack of advancements in mechatronic systems, and limited agility within supply chains exhibited the most significant interconnections, with insufficient training closely following in importance. Notably, Cluster III lacked any interconnected variables. Among the numerous factors analyzed, the implementation of rigorous national policies demonstrated the most substantial impact, followed by a lack of dedication from senior management, inadequate financial resources, and shortcomings in information technology infrastructure, all of which were recognized as additional challenges. These challenges are classified as independent or driving factors, and addressing them, since they represent the fundamental causes, would naturally lead to the removal of obstacles present at higher levels.