According to the evaluation indicator system and the mathematic model of EMC, the evaluation and analysis are made on EMC in 2012. Table 11.1 lists the rankings and scores of EMC in 2012 and Fig. 11.1 displays the EMC scores of the six continents as well as the top three countries of each continent in 2012.
11.1 Evaluation Results of EMC
According to the evaluation indicator system and the mathematic model of EMC, the evaluation and analysis are made on EMC in 2012. Table 11.1 lists the rankings and scores of EMC in 2012 and Fig. 11.1 displays the EMC scores of the six continents as well as the top three countries of each continent in 2012.
Table 11.1
Scores and rankings of EMC as well as the tertiary and individual indicators in 2012
Indicators Countries
EMC
Environmental governance
Ecological protection
Resource utilization
Agricultural chemicals regulation
Percentage of the rural population with access to an improved water source
Percentage of the urban population with access to an improved water source
Area of plantation and afforestation
Biome protect
Overfishing of fishing resources
Utilization rate of water resources
Percentage of total internal renewable water resources to total water resources
Percentage of agricultural land to total land area
Percentage of fossil fuel energy consumption to total energy consumption
Honduras
68.0
87.0
N/A
79.0
95.0
74.4
N/A
82.2
66.7
40.5
0.0
76.2
33.7
51.9
1
75
N/A
79
93
3
N/A
42
22
50
110
47
104
32
Bolivia
67.9
83.5
N/A
71.0
96.0
86.2
N/A
86.2
N/A
27.8
0.0
41.8
40.3
29.2
2
79
N/A
89
89
1
N/A
32
N/A
106
129
96
88
55
Saudi Arabia
66.3
69.1
100.0
0.0
97.0
78.5
N/A
100.0
56.9
47.3
38.3
54.5
95.4
1.1
3
107
1
122
80
2
N/A
1
43
21
3
82
4
121
Japan
65.4
98.1
95.2
100.0
100.0
65.0
N/A
87.8
42.1
33.2
0.8
96.2
14.9
20.6
4
24
20
1
1
7
N/A
29
68
82
40
6
121
75
United Kingdom
63.7
92.4
81.0
100.0
100.0
54.1
2.9
100.0
76.5
47.8
0.4
92.9
84.6
13.3
5
54
53
1
1
10
20
1
10
18
65
9
12
88
China
63.6
73.9
47.6
85.0
98.0
73.5
100.0
64.4
47.3
40.1
0.8
78.8
66.4
14.2
6
95
79
72
70
4
1
60
60
53
42
43
39
84
Namibia
63.6
94.5
N/A
90.0
99.0
68.7
N/A
82.8
54.5
25.9
0.1
13.5
55.7
34.4
7
46
N/A
60
51
6
N/A
40
49
115
98
119
57
48
Mongolia
63.4
72.6
66.7
53.0
100.0
69.5
N/A
69.5
N/A
46.1
0.1
89.7
88.1
6.4
8
100
65
103
1
5
N/A
56
N/A
27
108
15
10
105
Costa Rica
62.4
87.8
76.2
91.0
100.0
53.4
0.3
91.9
85.6
49.0
0.1
100.0
41.4
54.4
9
72
61
58
1
12
64
21
4
15
93
1
85
28
Poland
60.8
100.0
100.0
N/A
100.0
49.6
11.5
100.0
50.0
36.4
0.8
72.8
62.6
9.2
10
1
1
N/A
1
15
6
1
55
70
43
56
45
100
Germany
60.3
94.3
85.7
100.0
100.0
54.5
6.8
100.0
72.5
34.0
0.8
53.8
57.3
24.0
11
47
46
1
1
9
10
1
14
77
39
84
53
68
Switzerland
59.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
42.2
0.2
98.1
N/A
42.3
0.2
72.1
45.1
51.7
12
1
1
1
1
34
73
19
N/A
39
76
57
83
33
Guatemala
59.4
92.0
N/A
86.0
98.0
45.4
0.2
78.9
72.0
45.4
0.1
79.6
47.6
54.4
13
58
N/A
70
69
22
72
45
15
28
90
39
73
28
Estonia
59.1
98.8
100.0
97.0
99.0
51.1
0.2
100.0
70.0
30.1
0.6
80.4
26.0
13.3
14
23
1
43
51
13
74
1
17
100
54
38
110
89
Jamaica
58.6
93.9
95.2
88.0
98.0
45.0
0.0
100.0
50.0
41.6
0.2
100.0
49.0
17.0
15
49
20
67
70
23
113
1
55
45
70
2
72
79
Bulgaria
57.8
98.1
95.2
100.0
100.0
40.4
1.1
53.2
80.0
40.8
1.2
78.4
54.8
29.1
16
24
20
1
1
44
40
71
6
48
31
44
59
56
United States
57.8
96.3
95.2
94.0
100.0
46.7
32.9
49.4
62.6
34.0
0.6
65.6
52.1
17.7
17
35
20
49
1
19
2
73
31
76
51
64
63
78
United Arab Emirates
57.6
100.0
N/A
100.0
100.0
41.7
0.4
86.9
51.5
36.5
82.4
55.6
8.0
0.0
18
1
N/A
1
1
37
61
31
53
68
2
81
128
126
Ukraine
57.6
85.5
66.7
98.0
98.0
53.5
N/A
20.4
86.7
35.2
1.1
33.9
84.2
21.7
19
78
65
40
70
11
N/A
107
3
72
33
106
13
73
France
57.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
35.0
2.1
76.9
37.0
44.5
0.6
60.8
63.2
53.4
20
1
1
1
1
64
27
49
79
33
52
73
43
31
Austria
57.3
98.1
95.2
100.0
100.0
42.9
N/A
87.0
N/A
35.8
0.2
65.7
45.4
31.7
21
24
20
1
1
29
N/A
30
N/A
71
78
63
81
51
Latvia
57.3
95.0
90.5
96.0
100.0
49.4
0.8
100.0
63.6
30.1
0.0
44.7
34.8
40.8
22
45
37
46
1
16
44
1
29
99
112
92
103
41
Norway
57.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
44.1
1.9
74.5
69.9
31.6
0.0
80.9
3.9
41.5
23
1
1
1
1
27
29
52
19
86
116
34
132
39
Italy
57.0
98.1
95.2
100.0
100.0
39.9
0.8
88.8
43.2
38.5
1.0
82.1
55.9
15.1
24
24
20
1
1
47
45
28
65
60
37
32
56
81
Sweden
56.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
35.5
4.7
46.2
65.9
41.9
0.1
88.6
8.9
69.9
25
1
1
1
1
60
12
78
23
42
104
17
126
19
Belgium
56.4
98.1
95.2
100.0
100.0
40.2
0.5
81.1
52.4
36.4
1.4
62.5
53.2
28.4
26
24
20
1
1
46
56
43
51
69
27
69
61
57
Colombia
56.2
89.1
95.2
71.0
99.0
46.1
0.5
88.8
64.2
36.8
0.0
79.6
45.1
22.5
27
64
19
88
50
21
54
27
26
67
122
40
82
70
Sri Lanka
56.1
83.4
66.7
90.0
99.0
40.7
0.2
85.2
50.0
49.6
1.0
88.3
49.2
59.7
28
81
65
60
51
42
69
35
55
14
36
18
71
25
New Zealand
56.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
41.9
2.3
83.9
52.5
31.2
0.1
N/A
51.6
42.0
29
1
1
1
1
35
24
39
50
89
107
N/A
66
38
Slovenia
56.1
95.9
90.5
99.0
100.0
48.8
0.0
76.9
85.6
26.1
0.1
41.3
27.5
35.7
30
38
37
30
1
17
99
49
5
113
87
97
108
45
Greece
55.6
94.0
85.7
99.0
100.0
39.0
0.2
95.8
33.9
39.4
0.5
70.7
75.2
11.2
31
48
46
30
1
48
77
20
84
56
57
59
23
95
Mauritius
55.6
95.9
90.5
99.0
100.0
31.4
0.0
28.3
76.2
47.6
1.1
84.6
57.1
N/A
32
38
37
30
1
77
108
102
11
19
34
27
54
N/A
Zimbabwe
55.5
83.5
N/A
69.0
98.0
42.9
0.1
99.8
N/A
44.5
0.8
49.0
50.1
77.9
33
79
N/A
91
70
32
79
15
N/A
32
38
88
69
13
Georgia
55.4
98.0
N/A
96.0
100.0
36.5
0.2
21.4
100.0
37.8
0.1
70.5
42.7
38.0
34
31
N/A
46
1
56
70
106
1
63
92
60
84
43
Finland
55.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
33.6
7.7
49.3
52.4
39.7
0.1
95.5
8.9
54.4
35
1
1
1
1
67
9
74
52
54
105
8
125
30
Australia
55.0
100.0
N/A
100.0
100.0
31.5
2.5
61.2
40.4
41.5
0.2
96.1
62.9
7.0
36
1
N/A
1
1
76
21
65
72
46
79
7
44
103
Luxembourg
55.0
100.0
N/A
100.0
100.0
42.9
0.0
100.0
N/A
26.3
0.1
31.4
59.8
14.0
37
1
N/A
1
1
29
102
1
N/A
112
95
107
50
85
Panama
54.9
96.0
95.2
N/A
97.0
37.3
0.1
90.8
33.3
37.2
0.0
89.0
35.5
24.5
38
37
20
N/A
80
51
85
24
85
66
130
16
98
66
Senegal
54.7
74.5
N/A
56.0
93.0
48.5
0.6
99.5
61.3
43.3
0.2
64.0
58.4
50.6
39
92
N/A
100
98
18
51
17
34
35
71
67
52
35
Ecuador
54.4
87.9
81.0
89.0
96.0
46.7
0.2
91.1
64.2
31.3
0.1
76.2
35.5
13.3
40
70
52
64
88
20
75
22
26
88
85
46
97
86
Albania
54.4
95.0
N/A
94.0
96.0
36.0
0.1
42.5
77.2
38.4
0.2
61.1
51.9
40.4
41
44
N/A
49
89
58
81
80
9
61
81
72
65
42
Denmark
54.2
98.1
95.2
100.0
100.0
29.6
0.5
30.1
67.7
43.2
0.4
75.0
73.4
23.8
42
24
20
1
1
83
53
95
21
36
60
49
29
69
Brazil
54.2
91.7
90.5
85.0
100.0
40.4
9.6
82.7
39.1
35.1
0.0
53.6
37.0
49.6
43
60
37
72
1
43
7
41
74
74
119
85
95
36
Tanzania
54.1
61.5
N/A
44.0
79.0
49.7
0.3
99.8
65.4
52.7
0.2
68.7
47.4
94.6
44
118
N/A
112
123
14
65
15
24
11
74
61
78
4
Czech Republic
54.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
26.6
3.4
84.1
N/A
44.5
0.6
90.2
64.9
22.5
45
1
1
1
1
90
18
38
N/A
31
53
14
42
71
Canada
54.0
99.7
100.0
99.0
100.0
36.9
11.6
44.5
63.0
31.0
0.1
87.4
8.8
27.9
46
15
1
30
1
53
5
79
30
90
102
21
127
60
Botswana
54.0
95.5
N/A
92.0
99.0
42.9
0.0
100.0
N/A
27.2
0.1
19.4
53.9
35.5
47
42
N/A
53
51
31
116
1
N/A
110
101
115
60
46
Serbia
53.3
87.7
71.4
98.0
99.0
36.3
0.2
84.5
N/A
41.7
N/A
N/A
68.3
15.0
48
73
63
40
51
57
71
36
N/A
44
N/A
N/A
35
82
Portugal
53.2
97.8
95.2
100.0
99.0
36.7
1.1
49.0
72.0
30.5
0.5
46.7
47.6
27.1
49
32
20
1
51
55
38
75
16
95
58
91
74
63
Mexico
52.9
88.8
81.0
91.0
97.0
37.6
4.2
63.0
56.9
37.5
0.7
74.6
62.5
12.2
50
66
53
59
80
50
16
62
42
65
46
51
46
92
Cote d'Ivoire
52.6
79.5
N/A
68.0
91.0
30.0
N/A
100.0
N/A
55.7
0.1
66.2
75.5
81.3
51
87
N/A
92
106
80
N/A
1
N/A
6
97
62
22
11
Chile
52.3
92.2
100.0
75.0
99.0
36.8
3.1
59.9
58.7
33.2
0.0
83.2
25.0
24.4
52
57
1
85
51
54
19
66
38
81
111
29
111
67
Cuba
52.2
82.2
66.7
89.0
96.0
33.7
0.6
37.2
74.3
47.0
0.8
100.0
73.9
13.3
53
84
65
65
89
66
50
88
12
23
41
3
27
87
Cyprus
52.0
92.4
81.0
100.0
100.0
41.4
0.0
100.0
37.9
25.8
0.8
80.4
16.0
6.0
54
54
53
1
1
38
100
1
78
116
44
37
119
107
Ghana
51.9
78.0
66.7
80.0
91.0
35.2
0.3
78.1
38.6
48.2
0.1
38.7
80.5
73.6
55
89
65
77
106
63
63
47
76
17
96
100
17
16
Philippines
51.6
87.9
81.0
92.0
93.0
31.8
0.5
64.0
41.3
41.9
0.7
76.8
47.4
42.7
56
71
53
53
98
75
59
61
71
41
47
45
77
37
Slovak Republic
51.5
96.2
90.5
100.0
100.0
36.9
1.2
84.5
N/A
26.1
0.1
24.3
47.4
32.6
57
36
37
1
1
52
36
36
N/A
114
109
111
76
49
Ireland
51.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
23.0
0.9
10.4
65.1
40.7
0.1
79.0
71.9
12.0
58
1
1
1
1
98
42
116
25
49
103
42
31
93
South Africa
51.2
74.4
52.4
79.0
99.0
35.8
2.3
38.2
78.0
48.7
1.0
82.4
96.6
15.0
59
93
78
79
51
59
26
87
8
16
35
31
3
83
Indonesia
51.0
87.9
95.2
74.0
92.0
32.5
4.6
81.1
21.1
38.8
0.2
83.1
35.0
37.1
60
69
20
86
104
73
13
43
96
58
72
30
102
44
Peru
50.6
83.0
90.5
65.0
91.0
41.7
1.3
78.9
58.5
30.0
0.0
72.9
19.8
27.4
61
82
37
96
106
36
33
46
39
101
114
54
118
61
Kenya
50.6
67.0
N/A
52.0
82.0
37.9
0.3
67.2
58.8
51.0
0.4
61.4
56.8
85.4
62
112
N/A
104
122
49
68
57
35
12
64
71
55
8
Korea, Rep.
50.2
96.4
100.0
88.0
100.0
30.0
2.4
34.2
62.5
30.9
1.5
80.7
22.6
19.0
63
34
1
67
1
81
23
92
32
91
24
35
115
77
Netherlands
50.0
90.5
76.2
100.0
100.0
41.0
0.5
71.9
64.2
21.7
0.5
11.5
67.2
7.6
64
61
62
1
1
40
58
53
28
124
59
121
38
102
Cambodia
50.0
72.5
N/A
58.0
87.0
44.3
0.1
100.0
47.4
35.2
0.0
24.7
37.2
78.8
65
101
N/A
99
114
26
89
1
59
73
125
110
93
12
Zambia
50.0
62.8
57.1
46.0
87.0
42.9
0.1
100.0
N/A
46.7
0.1
52.7
37.2
96.8
66
117
74
111
114
28
90
1
N/A
24
100
86
94
3
Israel
49.9
100.0
N/A
100.0
100.0
34.8
0.1
70.7
45.2
19.9
4.1
42.1
28.5
4.8
67
1
N/A
1
1
65
83
55
63
126
9
94
106
110
Armenia
49.8
93.1
85.7
97.0
99.0
20.2
0.0
47.1
N/A
46.1
1.5
74.8
72.8
35.4
68
52
46
43
51
103
104
77
N/A
26
25
50
30
47
Tunisia
49.8
99.0
N/A
N/A
99.0
17.0
0.9
7.4
48.2
44.2
2.5
84.0
74.5
15.9
69
21
N/A
N/A
51
111
41
121
58
34
18
28
24
80
Croatia
49.3
99.1
100.0
97.0
100.0
33.3
0.1
70.8
40.0
20.8
0.0
35.6
27.5
20.1
70
20
1
43
1
68
87
54
73
125
121
105
109
76
Bosnia and Herzegovina
49.1
99.0
N/A
98.0
100.0
23.5
1.3
2.9
73.8
33.4
0.0
74.1
49.3
10.0
71
21
N/A
40
1
96
32
126
13
80
115
52
70
98
India
49.1
93.5
N/A
90.0
97.0
22.3
13.2
29.8
27.0
40.3
1.6
58.5
71.5
29.7
72
51
N/A
60
80
99
4
98
91
51
23
78
32
54
Nigeria
48.7
58.5
N/A
43.0
74.0
31.8
0.5
75.9
29.4
61.6
0.1
60.3
96.7
89.2
73
122
N/A
113
125
74
57
51
89
2
84
74
2
7
Thailand
48.7
91.9
85.7
95.0
97.0
31.1
5.2
77.6
19.3
29.1
0.5
47.8
45.8
22.1
74
59
46
48
80
79
11
48
97
102
56
90
79
72
Togo
48.7
63.5
61.9
40.0
89.0
32.6
0.1
66.4
42.1
55.5
0.0
58.4
73.5
90.2
75
116
72
115
112
72
97
58
68
7
113
79
28
6
Turkey
48.6
99.7
100.0
99.0
100.0
16.7
4.4
11.1
38.8
40.1
0.8
87.4
59.8
12.6
76
15
1
30
1
112
15
114
75
52
45
20
51
90
Benin
48.6
72.3
66.7
68.0
84.0
42.2
0.0
98.9
41.7
33.6
0.0
36.9
35.3
62.2
77
102
65
92
121
33
107
18
70
79
124
101
99
21
Lithuania
48.6
67.5
95.2
0.0
98.0
44.8
0.7
85.8
62.5
34.8
0.4
60.1
50.7
28.2
78
111
20
122
70
25
48
33
32
75
61
75
67
58
Pakistan
48.5
92.5
N/A
89.0
96.0
33.2
0.4
58.9
51.0
24.9
3.2
15.0
40.3
41.2
79
53
N/A
65
89
69
60
67
54
118
15
117
89
40
Gabon
48.4
68.0
N/A
41.0
95.0
40.7
0.0
89.4
46.3
39.1
0.0
73.2
23.6
59.8
80
108
N/A
114
93
41
101
26
61
57
132
53
113
24
Nepal
48.2
71.4
42.9
88.0
93.0
26.7
0.1
62.2
N/A
53.7
0.2
86.1
35.0
93.4
81
105
80
67
98
89
96
63
N/A
8
77
24
101
5
Macedonia, FYR
48.0
99.5
N/A
99.0
100.0
28.2
N/A
28.2
N/A
23.0
0.6
N/A
47.5
21.0
82
17
N/A
30
1
86
N/A
103
N/A
121
50
N/A
75
74
El Salvador
47.3
77.7
66.7
76.0
94.0
22.1
0.0
4.9
68.8
50.7
0.2
56.8
88.1
57.6
83
90
65
84
97
100
108
122
20
13
73
80
11
27
Malaysia
47.1
95.9
90.5
99.0
100.0
22.0
2.3
48.4
21.8
31.8
0.1
92.1
28.3
6.8
84
38
37
30
1
101
25
76
95
85
94
11
107
104
Vietnam
47.0
90.0
81.0
93.0
99.0
29.3
4.6
36.6
55.1
27.6
0.4
39.1
39.2
31.9
85
62
53
51
51
84
14
90
46
108
62
99
92
50
Venezuela, RB
46.6
0.0
N/A
N/A
N/A
64.7
N/A
100.0
29.4
22.6
0.0
50.2
28.7
11.3
86
131
N/A
N/A
N/A
8
N/A
1
89
122
117
87
105
94
Belarus
46.1
99.5
N/A
99.0
100.0
19.6
2.4
42.5
N/A
28.0
0.3
48.9
52.0
10.9
87
17
N/A
30
1
105
22
80
N/A
105
67
89
64
96
Sudan
46.1
73.8
95.2
52.0
67.0
29.0
7.9
28.9
57.1
41.2
2.3
19.5
68.0
75.0
88
96
20
104
128
85
8
100
40
47
19
114
37
14
Qatar
45.3
100.0
N/A
100.0
100.0
15.3
N/A
13.9
16.7
30.7
18.5
96.6
6.6
1.1
89
1
N/A
1
1
115
N/A
112
98
92
5
4
130
123
Cameroon
45.3
73.5
N/A
52.0
95.0
26.9
0.1
53.9
35.5
41.7
0.0
71.7
23.4
71.6
90
98
N/A
104
93
88
84
69
81
43
127
58
114
17
Oman
45.2
85.5
N/A
78.0
93.0
35.5
0.0
62.2
56.1
17.8
3.5
59.6
7.0
1.1
91
76
N/A
82
98
61
115
63
44
127
14
77
129
124
Romania
45.2
67.8
95.2
0.0
99.0
40.4
1.9
40.2
91.9
29.0
0.1
19.2
69.5
27.1
92
110
20
122
51
45
30
84
2
103
86
116
33
62
Kuwait
44.4
99.4
100.0
99.0
99.0
15.7
0.0
9.4
42.9
27.8
100.0
0.0
10.0
1.1
93
19
1
30
51
114
114
117
66
107
1
128
124
122
Spain
44.1
60.0
0.0
100.0
100.0
32.9
3.5
50.4
54.8
43.2
1.2
79.6
65.6
26.2
94
121
86
1
1
71
17
72
47
37
29
41
40
64
Iran, Islamic Rep.
43.9
89.1
81.0
92.0
97.0
20.2
1.1
40.3
25.6
30.4
2.7
82.0
35.2
1.5
95
65
53
53
80
102
39
83
92
96
17
33
100
119
Guinea
43.9
63.6
42.9
65.0
90.0
33.0
0.1
39.9
70.0
38.5
0.0
85.6
68.5
N/A
96
114
80
96
111
70
82
86
17
59
118
26
34
N/A
Morocco
43.7
82.0
85.7
61.0
98.0
13.8
0.8
9.1
35.8
45.1
1.8
90.6
79.6
8.6
97
86
46
98
70
117
45
118
80
29
22
13
18
101
Paraguay
43.7
87.6
95.2
66.0
99.0
13.7
0.1
31.9
N/A
39.6
0.0
24.9
62.2
71.4
98
74
20
95
51
118
94
94
N/A
55
131
109
47
18
Mozambique
43.6
31.8
0.0
29.0
77.0
44.9
0.1
90.8
58.8
53.6
0.0
43.4
74.1
96.8
99
129
86
121
124
24
90
24
35
9
127
93
25
2
Argentina
43.5
88.3
81.0
N/A
98.0
23.3
1.8
29.1
46.2
25.6
0.2
29.3
60.7
12.3
100
67
53
N/A
70
97
31
99
62
117
83
108
48
91
Lebanon
43.3
92.4
81.0
100.0
100.0
10.5
0.0
2.8
32.3
38.1
1.1
65.4
79.5
6.2
101
54
53
1
1
122
111
127
87
62
32
65
19
106
Hungary
43.3
98.1
95.2
100.0
100.0
14.1
2.1
30.1
N/A
27.3
0.2
5.5
75.5
28.0
102
24
20
1
1
116
28
95
N/A
109
75
124
21
59
Lesotho
43.1
82.0
N/A
73.0
91.0
0.6
0.0
1.4
N/A
60.8
0.1
91.3
91.1
N/A
103
85
N/A
87
106
132
112
130
N/A
3
99
12
6
N/A
Nicaragua
43.0
55.5
14.3
68.0
98.0
31.3
0.1
91.1
13.0
46.2
0.0
75.4
50.5
58.8
104
124
84
92
70
78
86
23
101
25
120
48
68
26
Turkmenistan
42.9
97.0
N/A
N/A
97.0
17.9
N/A
17.9
N/A
22.0
4.1
1.7
82.0
0.1
105
33
N/A
N/A
80
109
N/A
109
N/A
123
10
127
16
125
Myanmar
42.7
74.2
57.1
78.0
93.0
19.7
1.3
34.1
29.8
42.0
0.1
62.3
22.5
83.0
106
94
74
82
98
104
34
93
88
40
89
70
116
9
Russian Federation
42.1
57.3
0.0
92.0
99.0
41.2
22.0
53.4
54.6
28.1
0.1
85.9
15.6
10.8
107
123
86
53
51
39
3
70
48
104
106
25
120
97
Syrian Arab Republic
42.1
88.0
85.7
86.0
93.0
18.9
0.4
3.8
58.8
27.0
4.0
12.3
89.5
2.1
108
68
46
71
98
106
62
123
35
111
11
120
7
117
Madagascar
41.8
61.0
71.4
34.0
74.0
16.2
0.5
18.0
35.3
56.8
0.2
87.1
83.0
N/A
109
119
63
118
125
113
52
108
82
5
82
23
15
N/A
Uruguay
41.7
75.2
38.1
100.0
100.0
12.5
1.3
1.5
38.5
47.0
0.1
36.4
100.0
51.6
110
91
82
1
1
119
35
129
77
22
91
102
1
34
Moldova
41.3
93.8
90.5
93.0
99.0
8.2
N/A
8.2
N/A
33.1
0.7
N/A
88.8
9.8
111
50
37
51
51
124
N/A
120
N/A
83
49
N/A
9
99
Egypt, Arab Rep.
41.0
95.9
90.5
99.0
100.0
27.6
0.1
34.7
57.1
4.1
4.8
2.1
4.4
5.0
112
38
37
30
1
87
87
91
40
132
7
126
131
109
Angola
40.9
49.0
N/A
38.0
60.0
29.7
0.2
65.6
33.3
47.6
0.0
72.9
55.3
62.1
113
126
N/A
117
129
82
78
59
85
20
126
55
58
22
Algeria
40.5
72.1
57.1
79.0
85.0
24.7
0.5
37.1
44.4
30.1
2.1
96.4
20.5
1.3
114
103
74
79
118
93
55
89
64
98
20
5
117
120
Ethiopia
39.9
41.2
4.8
34.0
97.0
25.9
0.7
85.4
N/A
57.2
0.2
87.1
41.4
100.0
115
128
85
118
80
91
49
34
N/A
4
80
22
86
1
Haiti
39.2
68.0
N/A
51.0
85.0
0.7
0.0
1.7
N/A
61.7
0.3
92.7
78.9
74.8
116
108
N/A
107
118
131
102
128
N/A
1
66
10
20
15
Dominican Republic
38.9
85.5
N/A
84.0
87.0
5.0
N/A
0.0
16.7
37.7
0.7
64.2
60.3
25.4
117
76
N/A
75
114
129
N/A
133
98
64
48
66
49
65
Tajikistan
38.8
73.0
N/A
54.0
92.0
10.5
0.1
24.4
N/A
42.4
3.0
63.1
40.1
63.4
118
99
N/A
102
104
121
80
104
N/A
38
16
68
90
20
Bangladesh
38.3
82.5
N/A
80.0
85.0
10.9
0.3
10.8
25.0
30.7
0.1
8.6
83.1
31.0
119
83
N/A
77
118
120
66
115
93
93
88
123
14
52
Azerbaijan
37.8
79.5
N/A
71.0
88.0
17.2
0.0
40.2
N/A
23.5
1.4
20.8
68.1
3.9
120
88
N/A
89
113
110
106
84
N/A
120
26
113
36
111
Congo, Rep.
37.8
63.5
N/A
32.0
95.0
24.2
0.1
55.4
25.0
30.2
0.0
23.3
36.6
60.8
121
115
N/A
120
93
95
92
68
93
97
123
112
96
23
Eritrea
37.6
0.0
N/A
N/A
N/A
25.7
0.0
30.0
55.6
53.4
0.4
41.8
88.8
82.6
122
131
N/A
N/A
N/A
92
98
97
45
10
63
95
8
10
Uzbekistan
36.4
89.5
N/A
81.0
98.0
6.0
0.8
12.9
N/A
23.9
4.8
13.6
74.1
3.3
123
63
N/A
76
70
127
43
113
N/A
119
8
118
26
113
Singapore
35.5
70.0
100.0
0.0
100.0
35.3
N/A
28.5
42.2
1.2
1.3
N/A
0.0
2.4
124
106
1
122
1
62
N/A
101
67
133
28
N/A
133
115
Yemen, Rep.
34.8
60.5
61.9
47.0
72.0
18.8
N/A
3.3
34.3
30.5
6.8
60.0
52.5
2.7
125
120
72
110
127
107
N/A
124
83
94
6
76
62
114
Jordan
34.6
95.1
95.2
92.0
98.0
3.9
0.1
9.1
N/A
14.8
4.0
36.4
13.6
5.3
126
43
20
53
70
130
95
118
N/A
131
12
103
122
108
Kazakhstan
34.4
71.9
38.1
90.0
99.0
6.8
1.2
14.2
N/A
33.6
1.2
39.9
91.3
2.3
127
104
82
60
51
125
37
111
N/A
78
30
98
5
116
Kyrgyz Republic
34.0
55.2
0.0
85.0
99.0
10.0
0.1
23.3
N/A
44.7
1.8
80.6
65.4
31.0
128
125
86
72
51
123
93
105
N/A
30
21
36
41
53
Niger
31.7
64.6
57.1
39.0
100.0
17.9
0.2
41.6
N/A
17.2
0.3
10.4
40.9
N/A
129
113
74
116
1
108
76
82
N/A
128
68
122
87
N/A
Iraq
27.2
73.5
N/A
56.0
91.0
0.3
0.0
0.6
N/A
16.7
3.5
35.7
23.8
3.8
130
97
N/A
100
106
133
108
131
N/A
129
13
104
112
112
Mali
24.5
41.4
0.0
51.0
87.0
6.5
0.7
14.3
N/A
31.5
0.3
54.5
39.8
N/A
131
127
86
107
114
126
47
110
N/A
87
69
82
91
N/A
Mauritania
23.7
30.0
0.0
48.0
52.0
24.4
0.0
3.2
78.2
16.5
0.6
3.5
45.5
N/A
132
130
86
109
130
94
104
125
7
130
54
125
80
N/A
Libya
11.7
0.0
N/A
0.0
0.0
5.2
0.3
0.6
16.2
32.3
29.1
87.5
10.4
2.0
133
131
N/A
122
131
128
67
131
100
84
4
19
123
118
Highest score
68.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
86.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
61.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Lowest score
11.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
13.0
1.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Average score
49.1
82.2
76.6
78.6
94.5
33.1
2.7
55.5
51.9
36.6
2.8
60.6
50.9
33.0
Standard deviation
9.1
20.0
28.2
25.6
11.6
16.4
10.0
32.9
18.5
10.9
11.9
26.7
24.2
27.3
Fig. 11.1
EMC scores of six continents & top three countries of each continent in 2012
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According to Table 11.1, the countries with EMC ranking 1st–10th include Honduras, Bolivia, Saudi Arabia, Japan, United Kingdom, China, Namibia, Mongolia, Costa Rica and Poland; the 11th–20th rankings are Germany, Switzerland, Guatemala, Estonia, Jamaica, Bulgaria, United States, United Arab Emirates, Ukraine and France; the 21st–30th rankings are Austria, Latvia, Norway, Italy, Sweden, Belgium, Colombia, Sri Lanka, New Zealand and Slovenia; and the bottom ten countries are Singapore, Yemen, Rep., Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Niger, Iraq, Mali, Mauritania and Libya.
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In 2012, the highest score of EMC is 68.0 points, the lowest score is 11.7, the average score is 49.1 and the standard deviation is 9.1. The highest score and the lowest score differ greatly with the margin of 56.3 points, the former being 5.8 times the latter. 72 countries score higher than the average point. It indicates that the overall level of EMC is rather high and the overall differences are not very large among the countries except for individual countries.
The scores of EMC show olive-shaped distribution. None scores above 70 points; 11countries score 60–70; 55 countries score 50–60; 48 countries score 40–50; 15 countries score 30–40; 3 countries score 20–30; only 1 country scores below 20 points, of 11.7.
The countries with higher EMC are almost equally divided between developed and developing countries. The countries with higher EMC are mainly developing countries. Among the 20 countries ranking ahead, only 69 are developed countries and the rest 11 are all developing countries. And, among the 30 countries ranking ahead, 16 are developed countries and 14 are developing countries. Most developed countries have higher level of EMC, because there are 24 countries among the top 60 countries accounting for 70.6 % of the all developed countries. However, the developed countries are not even on EMC: Japan and United Kingdom ranking 4th and 5th; Hungary and Singapore ranking 102nd and 124th respectively. Overall, the majority of developing countries still have low EMC, while the developed countries have relatively higher EMC.
To compare and analyze the EMC levels of all the countries in a more visual way, the EMC scores are displayed in Fig. 11.2. According to Fig. 11.2, the EMC scores of the countries are concentrated, mostly in 40–60 points (up to 103 countries, accounting for 77.44 % of the total), showing little differences among the countries except for individual countries. Among the developed countries, Japan scores the highest, 65.4 points; among the developing countries, Honduras scores the highest, 68.0 points. They have little difference.
Fig. 11.2
Rankings and scores of EMC 2012
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11.2 Factor Scores and Contribution Rates of EMC
Table 11.1 lists the evaluation results of the subordinate indicators of EMC and displays the scores and rankings of 3 pillars and 10 individual indicators of EMC in 2012 so as to analyze the influences of the pillars and individual indicators on EMC of the countries.
On pillars, environmental governance enjoys the highest standard deviation, hitting 20.0, indicating that this indicator has the largest differences among the countries and is the most primary factor causing EMC differences among the countries. Resource utilization has low standard deviation, 10.9, with little influence on EMC differences among the countries. Overall, the differences among the countries are mainly caused by the differences of environmental safety.
On individual indicators, biome protect enjoys the highest standard deviation, hitting 32.9, indicating that this indicator has the largest differences among the countries and is the most primary factor causing EMC differences among the countries. Agricultural chemicals regulation, percentage of the rural population with access to an improved water source, percentage of total internal renewable water resources to total water resources, percentage of agricultural land to total land area and percentage of fossil fuel energy consumption to total energy consumption have high standard deviation, above 20, contributing a lot to EMC differences among the countries. The other indicators have low standard deviation, with little influence on EMC differences among the countries.
To analyze the contribution of the pillars to EMC, firstly multiply the scores of the pillars by respective weights, then convert them into the scores at sub-index and finally divide them by the total score of sub-index to get the contribution rates of the pillars. Thus, we could find the contribution of each pillar to the sub-index more visually, as shown in Fig. 11.3.
Fig. 11.3
Contribution rates of pillars of EMC 2012
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According to Fig. 11.3, environmental governance contributes the most to EMC with the average contribution rate of 50.3 %; the contribution rate of ecological protection and resource utilization respectively are 27.0 % and 22.4 %. Some countries enjoy very high contribution rates of environmental governance, even above 80 %, e.g. Jordan and Iraq. Therefore, to enhance EMC, the countries shall focus specially on environmental governance, while not ignoring ecological protection and resource utilization.
