Evaluation Method for Manual and Automated Parking Maneuvers

The article introduces a novel evaluation method for assessing both manual and automated parking maneuvers, developed through a collaborative study by Kempten University of Applied Sciences and MdynamiX. The method is based on Performance Indicators (PIs) and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) that capture various aspects of parking maneuvers, such as steering wheel movement, parking comfort, and dynamic performance. The study involved 21 participants and two different vehicles, comparing manual and fully automated parking maneuvers in longitudinal parking situations. The results reveal significant differences between human and automated parking strategies, particularly in terms of steering angle and time efficiency. This evaluation method aims to support the future development and calibration of parking assistants, ensuring they perform at least as well as human drivers to enhance customer acceptance.