10. Everything but Deterrence: Curbing Energy Fraud

In the period following the Industrial Revolution, the changing production and consumption patterns and the effects of companies on the environment have also changed. As a result of the large-scale production of many established factories and production units, they have had a large share in the pollution of the environment by producing waste at the same rate. Pollution has started to originate from both the production facilities and the wastes of the end user, so polluting factors have now penetrated a much wider geography than before. As a result of increasing environmental pollution, it is seen that the wastes produced by companies and the negative externalities they cause are being questioned at the social level. Developing environmental awareness enables businesses to adopt an attitude that is sensitive to nature, which is also known as green management, that protects and sustains all living and non-living assets, and aims to minimize or even eliminate the environmental and economic damages caused to the environment during production. As a result of the adoption of the green management approach, the increase in low carbon energy demand reduces the demand for oil and gas in the energy sector, pushing the use of traditional energy sources into question. In this direction, the possibility of fraud is more likely in enterprises operating in the energy sector, especially in gas and oil producing enterprises. In this study, firstly, the concept of fraud was discussed in detail; afterward, examples of fraud that occurred in the energy sector are included. The potential fraud possibilities that the businesses in the sector may encounter were evaluated and in the conclusion part of the study, prevention methods were discussed.