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2023 | Book

Exoemission from Processed Solid Surfaces and Gas Adsorption

Author: Yoshihiro Momose

Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore

Book Series : Springer Series in Surface Sciences

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About this book

This book focuses on surface activity of electron emission (EE). Prior to protective painting, a steel surface is usually grit blasted or sandblasted to remove scale and contaminants and to roughen the surface. This book emphasizes that such surface treatment causes EE, increasing the strength of paint adhesion. Introduced here are the experimental results of thermally assisted photoelectron emission (TAPE) and tribo-stimulated (rubbing) electron emission (TriboEE) from practical metals after different kinds of surface-treatment processes. A detailed description is given of how Arrhenius activation energies relating to electron transfer through the surface overlayer and also the energy levels of electrons trapped in the overlayer can be obtained, and how TAPE and TriboEE data can be influenced by the chemical properties of that overlayer. This book is composed of four parts: I. Surface treatment processes; II. The principle of EE analysis used for practical surfaces; III. Materials and methods of EE and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS); IV. EE and XPS characteristics of practical surfaces. In the last part, the EE and XPS results for metals, semiconductors, and carbon materials are drawn from the author’s own publications. The book will be useful for researchers engaging in surface-treatment processes of various materials.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter

Introduction

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Surface Phenomena and Exoemission
Abstract
The subject breadth of this book is attributable to the wide-ranging applications of surface science and technology. Transfer of electrons at the surface of metals and semiconductors, as well as the influence of foreign adsorbed materials on the transfer, is included under the following themes in this section: involvement in surface chemistry technology, classification of electron emission and the work function, exoemission phenomena of processed surfaces, historical background of exoemission, and measurement as well as the origin of exoemission.
Yoshihiro Momose

EE Mechanism of Metals Subjected to Adsorption

Frontmatter
Chapter 2. EE of Clean Metals: Adsorption of Mainly O2 and H2O in the UHV and HV
Abstract
Initial EE research largely focused on the mechanism of electron emission from metals. We describe the specification of practical surfaces, the historical background of EE—leading to chemiemission—and its relationship to the adsorption of oxygen as well as water vapor on various metals, the mechanism of EE that is attributable to the adsorption of electronegative gases, and EE during oxidation of Cs films deposited on Ru.
Yoshihiro Momose
Chapter 3. EE from Metal Surfaces Covered with Oxide: Adsorption of Mainly O2 and H2O and Oxide-Film Thickness
Abstract
Regarding practical surfaces, there has been a substantial focus on the electronic properties of the outer surface layers, where there are extrinsic electron capture centers or factors that influence the intensity of EE. The oxide film on metals also facilitates EE from the surface. Metals used in this context include Al, Mg, Ni, Sn, Fe, and Cu. We describe the effects of the oxide-film thickness, gas adsorption, temperature, light irradiation, and accelerating field strength that one applies to the sample.
Yoshihiro Momose
Chapter 4. Effects of Organic Adsorption, Applied Voltage, Light Irradiation, and Catalytic Activity
Abstract
Stimuli such as the adsorption of organic molecules; an applied voltage or electric potential between a sample and the earthed grid of the counter; the intensity of irradiated light; and catalytic activity substantially influence the characterization of exoemission (EE), in the same manner as thermal stimulation.
Yoshihiro Momose

Outline of Development of EE Research

Frontmatter
Chapter 5. Materials, EE Measurement, and EE Characteristics
Abstract
We outline the development of EE research conducted in the author’s laboratory. The topics under discussion are the materials, methods of excitation and stimulation, EE measurement apparatus, and the relationship of the EE data to the interactions with the environment (such as gases and organics). Chapters 612, based on published papers, describe these topics in detail.
Yoshihiro Momose
Chapter 6. TSEE Related to Plasma Treatment and Adsorption
Abstract
Plasma treatment can improve the surface properties—such as wettability and adhesion—of various materials, but little is known about the electronic properties of material surfaces. We describe the relationship between the plasma treatment and TSEE glow curve of metals (Fe, Ni, Cu, and Au) and materials (glass/Au, silicon wafer powder, and graphite) after exposure to plasma. We indicate that the oxygen that is incorporated onto the surface layer is pertinent to TSEE.
Yoshihiro Momose
Chapter 7. Effects of Blasting and Grinding Agents as Well as Cutting Fluids on TSEE from Mechanically Deformed Surfaces
Abstract
Prior to surface modification of practical metal surfaces, one performs various mechanical treatments. In fields such as tribochemistry and coatings, TSEE from mechanically deformed surfaces is of substantial interest because of its special chemical activity. Here, we introduce the effects of abrasives and cutting fluids; deformation methods such as blasting, grinding, and cutting; as well as adsorption and interactions of organics and cutting fluids on TSEE.
Yoshihiro Momose

TAPE, TPPE, TriboEE, and XPS Characteristics of Processed Surfaces

Frontmatter
Chapter 8. TAPE of Rolled and Scratched Fe Metal Surfaces
Abstract
We analyze the results of TAPE and XPS of rolled as well as scratched Fe surfaces and corresponding Arrhenius plot analyzes. We obtained the experimental data as a function of three variables: temperature, photon energy of incident light, and scratching environment. This study will facilitate understanding of electron transfer across practical metal surfaces in fields such as tribology, adhesion, catalysis, and corrosion.
Yoshihiro Momose
Chapter 9. TAPE of Si Wafers
Abstract
We first outline the effect of the excitation method and gas adsorption (such as O2 and H2O) on the TSEE glow curves of the SiO2 layer. We then describe TAPE of Si wafers obtained under temperature scans and incident light wavelength scans. We also report the characteristics (activation energy, photothreshold, and total counts of emitted electrons) of Si samples with an oxide layer and Si samples implanted with H, Si, and Ar ions.
Yoshihiro Momose
Chapter 10. TPPE Characteristics of Various Metal Surfaces
Abstract
Temperature-programmed photoelectron emission (TPPE) is a useful measurement for distinguishing differences in the electronic properties of metal surfaces. The TPPE characteristics correspond to the photoelectron emission (PE) total count and the photothreshold. The TPPE characteristics for many metal surfaces, after only ultrasonic cleaning in acetone and also after exposure to Ar plasma, substantially depend on the metal. We explain TPPE by the effect of the oxygen species that adsorbs onto metal surfaces.
Yoshihiro Momose
Chapter 11. TriboEE Occurring from Metal Surfaces During Sliding Contact with a Polymer Rod
Abstract
First, we outline triboelectron emission (TriboEE), which occurs during rubbing between a metal and a polymer rod. Next, we describe the relationship between TriboEE characteristics and the XPS results of rubbed surfaces, the electronic properties of metals, and the thermodynamics data of metal-oxide formation—by arranging metals in groups and periods as per the periodic table. Furthermore, we note the effects of the chemical structure of the polymer rods.
Yoshihiro Momose
Chapter 12. Relationship of the EE Intensity of Metal Surfaces to Their Chemical Activity and Electrostatic Attractive Force
Abstract
The TPPE results of metal surfaces pertain to the adsorption, chemical activity, and attractive force of metal surfaces. Examples include electrochemical reduction of CO2 at Cu electrodes; adsorption of water and alcohols onto Cu; coatings of plasma-polymerized (PP) films on Al, Fe, Ni, and Cu; corrosion protection of Al surfaces with PP coatings; and the electrostatic attractive force between metals and semiconductor substrates as well as charged polymer surfaces.
Yoshihiro Momose
Backmatter
Metadata
Title
Exoemission from Processed Solid Surfaces and Gas Adsorption
Author
Yoshihiro Momose
Copyright Year
2023
Publisher
Springer Nature Singapore
Electronic ISBN
978-981-19-6948-5
Print ISBN
978-981-19-6947-8
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6948-5

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