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Present Global Situation of Amino Acids in Industry Read chapter Read first chapter

2017 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

Exporters for Production of Amino Acids and Other Small Molecules

Author : Lothar Eggeling

Published in: Amino Acid Fermentation

Publisher: Springer Japan

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Abstract

Microbes are talented catalysts to synthesize valuable small molecules in their cytosol. However, to make full use of their skills – and that of metabolic engineers – the export of intracellularly synthesized molecules to the culture medium has to be considered. This step is as essential as is each step for the synthesis of the favorite molecule of the metabolic engineer, but is frequently not taken into account. To export small molecules via the microbial cell envelope, a range of different types of carrier proteins is recognized to be involved, which are primary active carriers, secondary active carriers, or proteins increasing diffusion. Relevant export may require just one carrier as is the case with l-lysine export by Corynebacterium glutamicum or involve up to four carriers as known for l-cysteine excretion by Escherichia coli. Meanwhile carriers for a number of small molecules of biotechnological interest are recognized, like for production of peptides, nucleosides, diamines, organic acids, or biofuels. In addition to carriers involved in amino acid excretion, such carriers and their impact on product formation are described, as well as the relatedness of export carriers which may serve as a hint to identify further carriers required to improve product formation by engineering export.

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previous chapter Boosting Anaplerotic Reactions by Pyruvate Kinase Gene Deletion and Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Desensitization for Glutamic Acid and Lysine Production in Corynebacterium glutamicum
next chapter Novel Technologies for Optimal Strain Breeding
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Metadata
Title
Exporters for Production of Amino Acids and Other Small Molecules
Author
Lothar Eggeling
Copyright Year
2017
Publisher
Springer Japan
Book
Amino Acid Fermentation

Print ISBN: 978-4-431-56518-5

Electronic ISBN: 978-4-431-56520-8

Copyright Year: 2017

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/10_2016_32

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