Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Published in:
Physical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes for Therapeutic Applications Read chapter Read first chapter

2011 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

Feasibility of Magnetically Functionalised Carbon Nanotubes for Biological Applications: From Fundamental Properties of Individual Nanomagnets to Nanoscaled Heaters and Temperature Sensors

Authors : Matthias U. Lutz, Kamil Lipert, Yulia Krupskaya, Stefan Bahr, Anja Wolter, Ahmed A. El-Gendy, Silke Hampel, Albrecht Leonhardt, Arthur Taylor, Kai Krämer, Bernd Büchner, Rüdiger Klingeler

Published in: Carbon Nanotubes for Biomedical Applications

Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

We discuss the prospects of applying the magnetic properties of magnetically functionalised carbon nanotubes to biomedical applications. The primary applications are use as a contactless local heating agent, as a standalone thermoablation treatment or in concert with remotely released anti-cancer drugs. Targeted heat treatment is an effective cancer treatment, as tumour tissue has a reduced heat tolerance. To understand the heating process in an applied alternating current (AC) magnetic field the basics of the ferro- and superparamagnetic heating mechanisms are described and brought into context with the material properties. The performance of various materials is compared with respect to heat output, and prospect of additional functionalisation. The actual heating output in AC magnetic fields is studied and discussed in this chapter. Hall magnetometry and Magnetic Force Microscopy are employed to study the magnetic properties of individual nano-ferromagnets, e.g. magnetisation reversal behaviour and domain configuration. NMR studies show that a non-invasive temperature control by virtue of a carbon-wrapped nanoscaled thermometer is feasible.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
previous chapter Magnetic Nanoparticles for Diagnosis and Medical Therapy
next chapter Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging of Carbon Nanotubes
Footnotes
1
Unless otherwise specified, we always use multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in our experiments.
 
Literature
1.
Jordan, A., Scholz, R., Wust, P., Fahling, H., Felix, R.: Magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH): cancer treatment with AC magnetic field induced excitation of biocompatible superparamagnetic nanoparticles. J. Magn. Magn. Mat. 201, 413–419 (1999)CrossRef
2.
Johannsen, M., Thiesen, B., Jordan, A., Taymoorian, K., Gneveckow, U., Waldöfner, N., Scholz, R., Koch, M., Lein, M., Jung, K., Loening, S.A.: Magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH)reduces prostate cancer growth in the orthotopic Dunning R3327 rat model. Prostate 283, 64 (2005)
3.
Matsuoka, F., Shinkai, M., Honda, H., Kubo, T., Sugita, T., Kobayashi, T.: Hyperthermia using magnetite cationic liposomes for hamster osteosarcoma. Biomagn. Res. Technol. 2, 3 (2004)CrossRef
4.
Johannsen, M., Gneveckow, U., Taymoorian, K., Thiesen, B., Waldöfner, N., Scholz, R., Jung, K., Jordan, A., Wust, P., Loening, S.A.: Morbidity and quality of life during thermotherapy using magnetic nanoparticles in locally recurrent prostate cancer: results of a prospective phase I trial. Int. J. Hyperth. 23, 315–323 (2007)CrossRef
5.
Dale, L.H.: Synthesis, properties, and applications of iron nanoparticles. Small 1, 482 (2005)CrossRef
6.
Klingeler, R., Hampel, S., Büchner, B.: Carbon nanotube based biomedical agents for heating, temperature sensoring and drug delivery. Int. J. Hyperth. 24, 496–505 (2008)CrossRef
7.
Hilder, T.A., Hill, J.M.: Modelling the encapsulation of the anticancer drug cisplatin into carbon nanotubes. Nanotechnology 18, 275704–275712 (2007)CrossRef
8.
Wu, W., Wieckowski, S., Pastorin, G., Benincasa, M., Klumpp, C., Briand, J.-P., Gennaro, R., Prato, M., Bianco, A.: Targeted delivery of amphotericin B to cells by using functionalized carbon nanotubes. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 44, 6358 (2005)CrossRef
9.
Hampel, S., Kunze, D., Haase, D., Rauschenbach, M., Kraemer, K., Ritschel, M., Leonhardt, A., Thomas, J., Oswald, S., Hoffmann, V., Buechner, B.: Carbon nanotubes filled with a chemotherapeutic agent—a nanocarrier mediates inhibition of tumor cell growth. Nanomedicine 3, 175–182 (2008)CrossRef
10.
Leonhardt, A., Mönch, I., Meye, A., Hampel, S., Büchner, B.: Synthesis of ferromagnetic filled carbon nanotubes and their biomedical application. Adv. Sci. Technol. 49, S74–S78 (2006)CrossRef
11.
Kent, A.D., von Molnar, S., Gider, S., Awschalom, D.D.: Properties and measurement of scanning tunneling microscope fabricated ferromagnetic particle arrays (invited)  J. Appl. Phys. 76, 6656 (1994)CrossRef
12.
Gider, S., Shi, J., Awschalom, D., Hopkins, P., Campman, K., Gossard, A., Kent, A., von Molnar, S.: Imaging and magnetometry of switching in nanometer-scale iron particles. Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 3269 (1996)CrossRef
13.
Geim, A.K., Dubonos, S.V., Lok, J.G.S., Grigorieva, I.V., Maan, J.C., Hansen, L.T., Lindelof, P.E.: Ballistic Hall micromagnetometry. Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 2379 (1997)CrossRef
14.
Li, Y., Xiong, P., von Molnar, S., Wirth, S., Ohno, Y., Ohno, H.: Hall magnetometry on a single iron nanoparticle. Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 4644 (2002)CrossRef
15.
Stoner, E.C., Wohlfarth, E.P.: A Mechanism of Magnetic Hysteresis in Heterogeneous Alloys. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A Math. Phys. Sci. 240, 599 (1948)MATH
16.
17.
Sellmyer, D.J., Zheng, M., Skomski, R.: Magnetism of Fe, Co and Ni nanowires in selfassembled arrays. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 13, R433 (2001)CrossRef
18.
19.
Meier, J., Doudin, B., Ansermet, J.: Magnetic properties of nanosized wires. J. Appl. Phys. 79, 6010 (1996)CrossRef
20.
Zeng, H., Skomski, R., Menon, L., Liu, Y., Bandyopadhyay, S., Sellmyer, D.J.: Structure and magnetic properties of ferromagnetic nanowires in self-assembled arrays. Phys. Rev. B. 65, 134426 (2002)CrossRef
21.
Martin, Y., Wickramasinghe, K.: Magnetic imaging by “force microscopy” with 1000 Å resolution. Appl. Phys. Lett. 50, 1455–1457 (1987)CrossRef
22.
Göddenhenrich, T., Hartmann, U., Anders, M., Heiden, C.: Investigation of Bloch wall fine structures by magnetic force microscopy. J. Microsc. 152, 527–536 (1988)CrossRef
23.
Gomez, R.D., Luu, T.V., Pak, A.O., Kirk, K.J., Chapman, J.N.:Domain configurations of nanostructured Permalloy elements. J. Appl. Phys. 85, 6163 (1999)CrossRef
24.
O’Barr, R., Schultz, S.: Switching field studies of individual single domain Ni columns. J. Appl. Phys. 81, 5458 (1997)CrossRef
25.
Moser, A., et al.: Observation of Single Vortices Condensed into a Vortex-Glass Phase by Magnetic Force Microscopy. Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 1847 (1995)CrossRef
26.
Müller, C., Elefant, D., Leonhardt, A., Büchner, B.: Incremental analysis of the magnetization behavior in iron-filled carbon nanotube arrays. J. Appl. Phys. 103, 034302 (2008)CrossRef
27.
Lutz, M.U., Weissker, U., Wolny, F., Müller, C., Löffler, M., Mühl, T., Leonhardt, A., Büchner, B., Klingeler, R.: Magnetic properties of α-Fe and Fe3C nanowires. JPCS 200, 072062 (2010)
28.
Peigney, A., Laurent, C., Dobigeon, F., Rousset, A.: Carbon nanotubes grown in situ by a novel catalytic method. J. Mater. Res. 12, 613 (1997)CrossRef
29.
Dai, H., Rinzler, A.G., Nikolaev, P., Thess, A., Colbert, D.T., Smalley, R.E.: Single-wall nanotubes produced by metal-catalyzed disproportionation of carbon monoxide. Chem. Phys. Lett. 260, 471 (1996)CrossRef
30.
Hafner, J., Bronikowski, M.J., Azamian, B.R., Nikolaev, P., Rinzler, A.G., Colbert, D.T., Smith, K.A., Smalley, R.E.: Catalytic growth of single-wall carbon nanotubes from metal particles. Chem. Phys. Lett. 296, 195 (1998)CrossRef
31.
Nagaraju, N., Fonseca, A., Konya, Z., Nagy, J.B.: Alumina and silica supported metal catalysts for the production of carbonnanotubes. Mol. Catal. A. Chem. 181, 57 (2002)CrossRef
32.
Lee, S.Y., Yamada, M., Miyake, M.: Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Nanofilaments over Palladium Supported Catalysts. Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 6, 420 (2005)CrossRef
33.
Cassell, A.M., Raymakers, J.A., Kong, J., Dai, H.: Large Scale CVD Synthesis of Single- Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Phys. Chem. B 103, 6484 (1999)CrossRef
34.
Mabudafhasi, M.L., Bodkin, R., Nicolaides, C.P., Liu, X.Y., Witcomb, M.J., Coville, N.J.: The ruthenium catalysed synthesis of carbon nanostructures. Carbon 40, 2737 (2002)CrossRef
35.
Lipert, K., Kretzschmar, F., Ritschel, M., Leonhardt, A., Klingeler, R., Büchner, B.: Nonmagnetic carbon nanotubes. J. Appl. Phys. 105, 063906 (2009)CrossRef
36.
Ritschel, M., Leonhardt, A., Elefant, D., Oswald, S., Büchner, B.: Rhenium-Catalyzed Growth Carbon Nanotubes. J. Phys. Chem. C 111, 8414 (2007)CrossRef
37.
Heremans, J., Olk, C.H., Morelli, D.T.: Magnetic susceptibility of carbon structures. Phys. Rev. B 49, 15122 (1994)CrossRef
38.
Tsui, F., Jin, L., Zhou, O.: Anisotropic magnetic susceptibility of multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 1452 (2000)CrossRef
39.
Byszewski, P., Baran, M.: Magnetic Susceptibility of Carbon Nanotubes. Europhys. Lett. 31, 363 (1995)CrossRef
40.
Leonhardt, A., Ritschel, M., Elefant, D., Mattern, N., Biedermann, K., Hampel, S., Müller, Ch., Gemming, T., Büchner, B.: Enhanced magnetism in Fe-filled carbon nanotubes produced by pyrolysis of ferrocene. J. Appl. Phys. 98, 074315 (2005)CrossRef
41.
42.
Hütten, A., Sudfeld, D., Ennena, I., Reiss, G., Wojczykowski, K., Jutzi, P.: Ferromagnetic FeCo nanoparticles for biotechnology. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 293, 93 (2003)CrossRef
43.
Neel, L.: Compt. Rend. (Paris) 224, 1488 (1947)
44.
O’Handley, R.C.: Modern magnetic materials. John Wiley and Sons, New York (2000)
45.
Herzer, G.: Nanocrystalline soft magnetic materials. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 112, 258 (1992)CrossRef
46.
Kersten, M.: Zur Theorie der ferromagnetischen Hysterese und der Anfangspermeabilität. Z. Phys. 44, 63 (1943)
47.
Hampel, S., Leonhardt, A., Selbmann, D., Biedermann, K., Elefant, D., Mueller, C., Gemming, T., Buechner, B.: Growth and characterization of filled carbon nanotubes with ferromagnetic properties. Carbon 44, 2316 (2006)CrossRef
48.
Krupskaya, Y., Mahn, C., Parameswaran, A., Taylor, A., Krämer, K., Hampel, S., Leonhardt, A., Ritschel, M., Büchner, B., Klingeler, R.: Magnetic study of iron-containing carbon nanotubes: Feasibility for magnetic hyperthermia. JMMM 321(24), 4067–4071 (2009)CrossRef
49.
Heister, E., Neves, V., Tîlmaciu, C., Lipert, K., Sanz Beltrán, V., Coley, H., Silva, S.R.P., McFadden, J.: Triple functionalisation of single-walled carbon nanotubes with doxorubicin, a monoclonal antibody, and a fluorescent marker for targeted cancer therapy. Carbon 47(9), 2152–2160 (2009)CrossRef
50.
Hergt, R., Hiergeist, R., Hilger, I., Kaiser, W.A., Lapatnikov, Y., Margel, S., Richterd, U.: Maghemite nanoparticles with very high AC-losses for application in RF-magnetic hyperthermia. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 270, 345–357 (2004)CrossRef
51.
Rosensweig, R.E., Magn, J.: Heating magnetic fluid with alternating magnetic field. Magn. Mater. 252, 370–374 (2002)CrossRef
52.
Pankhurst, Q.A., Connolly, J., Jones, S.K., Dobson, J.: Applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine. J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys. 36, R167–R181 (2003)CrossRef
53.
Farle, M.: Magnetism goes nano, C4, Forschungszentrum Juelich (2005)
54.
Kumar, C.S.S.R.: Nanomaterials for cancer therapy. Wiley-VCH, pp 291–296 (2006)
55.
Elmore, W.C.: The magnetisation of ferromagnetic colloids. Phys. Rev. 54, 1092–1095 (1938)CrossRef
56.
Vyalikh, A., Wolter, A.U.B., Hampel, S., Haase, D., Ritschel, M., Leonhardt, A., Grafe, H.-J., Taylor, A., Krämer, K., Büchner, B., Klingeler, R.: A carbon-wrapped nanoscaled thermometer for temperature control in biological environments. Nanomedicine 3(3), 321–327 (2008)CrossRef
57.
Haase, D., Hampel, S., Leonhardt, A., Thomas, J., Mattern, N., Büchner, B.: Facile onestep- synthesis of carbon wrapped copper nanowires by thermal decomposition of Copper(II)– acetylacetonate. Surf. Coat. Technol. 201, 9184–9188 (2007)CrossRef
58.
Weissker, U., Löffler, M., Wolny, F., Lutz, M.U., Scheerbaum, N., Klingeler, R., Gemming, T., Mühl, T., Leonhardt, A., Büchner, B.: Perpendicular magnetization of long iron carbide nanowires inside carbon nanotubes due to magnetocrystalline anisotropy. J. Appl. Phys. 106, 054909 (2009)CrossRef
59.
Grimault, S., Lucas, T., Quellec, S., Mariette, F.: Quantitative measurement of temperature by proton resonance frequency shift at low field: a general method to correct non-linear spatial and temporal phase deformations. J. Magn. Res. 170, 79–87 (2004)CrossRef
60.
Ye, X., Ruan, R., Chen, P., Chang, K., Ning, K., Taub, I., Doona, C.: Accurate and fast temperature mapping during ohmic heating using proton resonance frequency shift MRI thermometry. J. Food. Eng. 59, 143–150 (2003)CrossRef
61.
Kahn, T., Harth, T., Kiwit, J.C.W., Schwarzmaier, H.J., Wald, C., Mödder, U.: In vivo MRI thermometry using a phase-sensitive sequence: preliminary experience during MRI-guided laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy of brain tumors. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 8, 160–164 (1998)CrossRef
62.
Smith, N.B., Merrilees, N.K., Hynynen, K., Dahleh, M.: Control system for an MRI compatible intracavitary ultrasound array for thermal treatment of prostate disease. Int. J. Hyperth. 17, 271–282 (2001)CrossRef
63.
Popescu, V.: Senzori de temperatură pe bază de filme de PbS nanostructurate. Rev. Chim. 55, 983–985 (2004)
64.
Tan, C.M., Jia, J., Yu, W.: Temperature dependence of the field emission of multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 263104 (2005)CrossRef
65.
66.
Nel, A., Xia, T., Mädler, L., Li, N.: Toxic potential of materials at the nanolevel. Science 311, 622–627 (2006)CrossRef
67.
Klostranec, J.M., Chan, W.C.W.: Quantum dots in biological and biomedical research: recent progress and present challenges. Adv. Mater. 18, 1953–1964 (2006)CrossRef
68.
Narberhauser, F., Waldminghaus, T., Chowdhury, S.: RNA thermometers. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 30, 3–16 (2006)CrossRef
69.
Lee, J., Govoroy, A.O., Kotov, N.A.: Nanoparticle assemblies with molecular springs: nanoscale thermometer. Angew. Chem. Inter. Ed. 117, 7605–7608 (2005)CrossRef
70.
Gao, Y., Bando, Y., Liu, Z., Golberg, D., Nakanishi, H.: Temperature measurement using a gallium-filled carbon nanotube nanothermometer. Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 2913–2915 (2003)CrossRef
71.
Vyalikh, A., Wolter, A.U.B., Hampel, S., Haase, D., Ritschel, M., Leonhardt, A., Grafe, H.-J., Taylor, A., Krämer, K., Büchner, B., Klingeler, R.: A carbon-wrapped nanoscaled thermometer for temperature control in biological environment. Nanomedicine 3, 321–327 (2008)CrossRef
72.
Becker, K.D.: Temperature dependence of NMR chemical shifts in cuprous halides. J. Chem. Phys. 68, 3785–3793 (1978)CrossRef
73.
Wolter, A.U.B., Klingeler, R., Büchner, B.: Thermometry on the nanometre-scale for biomedical applications using NMR spectroscopy. J. Biomed. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. (2010) (in print)
74.
Abragam, A. (ed.): Principles of Nuclear Magnetism. Oxford University Press (1961)
75.
Andrew, E.R., Hinshaw, W.S., Tiffen, R.S.: Nuclear spin–lattice relaxation in solid cuprous halides. J. Phys. C Solid. State. Phys. 6, 2217–2222 (1973)CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Feasibility of Magnetically Functionalised Carbon Nanotubes for Biological Applications: From Fundamental Properties of Individual Nanomagnets to Nanoscaled Heaters and Temperature Sensors
Authors
Matthias U. Lutz
Kamil Lipert
Yulia Krupskaya
Stefan Bahr
Anja Wolter
Ahmed A. El-Gendy
Silke Hampel
Albrecht Leonhardt
Arthur Taylor
Kai Krämer
Bernd Büchner
Rüdiger Klingeler
Copyright Year
2011
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Book
Carbon Nanotubes for Biomedical Applications

Print ISBN: 978-3-642-14801-9

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-642-14802-6

Copyright Year: 2011

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14802-6_6