16. Financial Inclusion, Social Exclusion, Social Capital, and Psychological Theories of Poverty in the Fourth Industrial Revolution

The purpose of this chapter was to examine a variety of perspectives on poverty that are distinct from those represented by economic theories of poverty. It was stated in this chapter that the assumptions and conclusions of the social exclusion and social capital theories were derived from multiple disciplines, such as sociology and psychology, rather than focusing solely on economics. Even though all of the theories that were covered in earlier chapters were founded on pure economic principles, this chapter stated that the assumptions and conclusions of these theories were derived from multiple disciplines. As a core paradigm principle, social exclusion was emphasized throughout the chapter as a contributing element that leads to poverty. The chapter also demonstrated how social exclusion and social capital theories are discussed because they are based on the research of numerous social scientists who may help us to have a clear understanding of how financial inclusion and the Fourth Industrial Revolution affect poverty. The chapter ended with a discussion on the effects that financial inclusion and the developments of the Fourth Industrial Revolution have had on social exclusion, social capital, and psychological theories of poverty.