Fire Retardant Properties of the Epoxy Resin-Based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposite

This chapter delves into the fire retardant properties of epoxy resin-based biocomposites and bionanocomposites, focusing on their environmental benefits and performance enhancements. It explores the use of various natural fibers such as banana, chicken eggshell, coir, flax, fly ash, hemp, kenaf, linseed, lychee peel, oil palm empty fruit bunch, pineapple, pumice, sisal, sugar palm, walnut shell, and waste coffee grounds to develop fire-resistant composites. The chapter also examines the role of montmorillonite, cellulose nanofibril, and nano oil palm empty fruit bunch in enhancing the fire retardant properties of these materials. Key testing methods such as cone calorimetry, limiting oxygen index (LOI) testing, vertical burning testing, and micro-scale combustion calorimetry are reviewed, along with their results. The chapter concludes that while natural fibers have high flammability, their fire behavior can be significantly enhanced through the use of bio-based materials and appropriate testing methods. This comprehensive overview provides valuable insights into the development of sustainable and fire-resistant composite materials.