4. Fluid Flow Representation

The chapter begins by defining fluid flow and its historical significance, emphasizing the importance of liquids and gases in daily life. It then delves into the scientific definition of fluids and their properties, categorizing them into kinematic, thermodynamic, transport, and miscellaneous properties. The text introduces the Lagrangian and Eulerian descriptions of fluid flow, highlighting the material derivative and its significance. The chapter also explores the governing equations of fluid flow, including the continuity equation, momentum equation, and energy equation, emphasizing the importance of conservation laws. Additionally, it discusses irrotational flow, potential flow, and various elementary flows, such as uniform free stream flow, point sources and sinks, and line vortices. The chapter concludes by introducing the Laplace equation and its properties, as well as methods for solving it, such as the method of images and separation of variables.