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2019 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

10. Foams

Authors : Tobias Standau, Volker Altstädt

Published in: Polypropylene Handbook

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

This chapter deals with polypropylene foams and consist out of 3 parts. Firstly—for a better understanding—the basics of foaming are described. This includes the fundamental physical processes of diffusion, nucleation and cell growth. Furthermore, material properties which are relevant for foaming are explained and typical blowing agents (physical and chemical) are introduced. Secondly, the foaming processes for polypropylene are summarized, beginning with the so-called batch foaming which is mostly relevant for scientific research. More industrial relevant processes for foaming PP are foam extrusion, foam injection molding (FIM) and bead foaming. With FIM light-weight parts with good mechanical properties can be produced. This can be achieved with physical and chemical blowing agents and with different methods. Bead foams possess a very low density and can be directly brought into relative complex shapes. Therefore, expanded Polypropylene (EPP) is maybe the most important PP foam at all. Both methods for bead foam production (discontinuous with autoclave and continuous with extrusion process) are described as well as the fusion processe (steam chest molding). The last part of this chapter is designated to the many additives that are used in PP foams (i.e. talc, clay etc.) and their influence on properties like expansion behavior and foam morphology.

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Title: Foams
Authors: Tobias Standau
Volker Altstädt
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Book: Polypropylene Handbook
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-12902-6

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-12903-3

Copyright Year: 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12903-3_10

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