1. Foundation of Research Philosophy

This chapter scrutinises the fundamental role of research philosophy in management studies, with particular emphasis on how ontological and epistemological foundations form scholarly inquiry into organisational phenomena. The analysis explores the dichotomy between realist perspectives, which treat organisational structures as objective entities amenable to quantitative investigation, and constructivist approaches conceptualising organisational realities as socially constructed through interpretive processes. The chapter illuminates how these philosophical reinforcings inform distinct methodological approaches—from positivist empiricism utilising statistical analysis to interpretivist methodologies applying qualitative inquiry—each providing unique insights into complex organisational dynamics. In addition, the discussion addresses the emerging integration of Artificial Intelligence as a transformative tool that augments traditional research practices across both paradigms, improving literature synthesis, data analysis, and theoretical development whilst simultaneously presenting novel challenges regarding validity, bias mitigation, and ethical application. The chapter establishes that whilst AI significantly amplifies research capabilities and fosters cross-paradigmatic synthesis, it necessitates enhanced critical oversight to ensure methodological rigour and epistemological integrity. These philosophical considerations collectively inform evidence-based management practices and contribute to advancing organisational effectiveness through robust theoretical frameworks and empirically grounded interventions.