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The European Space Agency’s Earth Observation Programme Read chapter Read first chapter

2018 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

From “Shutter Control” to “Big Data”: Trends in the Legal Treatment of Earth Observation Data

Authors : Ulrike Bohlmann, Alexander Soucek

Published in: Satellite-Based Earth Observation

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Data is the fuel of the digital revolution. This also holds true for Earth observation imagery gathered through satellites from the vantage point of outer space. While satellite image data once represented scarcely available and mostly government-owned strategic information, it has today become a resource widely available and easily accessible. From climate change to emergency and rescue operations, from border control to agricultural monitoring—the gathering, processing and dissemination of Earth observation data are subject to legal instruments and policy considerations likewise. This article provides an overview over levels of data regulation and exemplifies the trend towards free and open access to this important resource, particularly against the paradigm shift to big data in an ever more digitalised world.

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previous chapter Legal Aspects of Satellite Based Earth Observation—An Introduction
next chapter Consequences of the Ever Growing Importance of Earth Observation: Sustainable Use of Outer Space—Small Satellites and Mega Constellations
Footnotes
1
ESA Budget [1].
 
2
UN Resolution A/RES/41/65, 1986.
 
3
WMO Resolution 40, 1995.
 
4
Ibid.
 
5
Convention for the establishment of a European Space Agency, entry into force 30 October 1980.
 
6
Süss [2].
 
7
ESA Regulations [3].
 
8
Süss [4]
 
9
Ibid., quoting the introductory statements of the Envisat Data Policy, ref. ESA/PB-EO (1997) 57, rev. 3.
 
10
This translation and all following by the authors. transl.: ,Satellitendatensicherheitsgesetz‘.
 
11
Full title: “Law for the Protection of the Federal Republic of Germany from threats to its security through the proliferation of high-quality Earth observation data”: original title: “Gesetz zum Schutz vor Gefährdung der Sicherheit der Bundesrepublik Deutschland durch das Verbreiten von hochwertigen Erdfernerkundungsdaten”.
 
12
Transl.: ,Sensitivitätsprüfung‘, §17.
 
13
51 USC Section 601, formerly 15 USC Chapter 82, Subchapter VI.
 
14
Doldirina [5] .
 
15
Harris [6].
 
16
Regulation (EU) No. 377/2014 [7].
 
17
The Sentinel satellites must not be equalled with the Copernicus programme; they merely represent one category of space missions within the one of the components (the ‘space component’) of Copernicus.
 
18
Envisat Data Policy, version attached to ESA/PB-EO (1997) 57 rev. 3.
 
19
Süss [8].
 
20
UN Economic and Social Council, ‘Official statistics and emerging sources of data: implications for ESCWA statistical activities: big data’. 13 Jan 2015.
 
Literature
1.
2.
Süss G. ESA earth observation data policies: principles, current status and reforms. In: Baumann I, Smith LJ (eds) Contracting for space: contract practice in the European space sector. Ashgate Publishing, Farnham
3.
4.
Süss G (2011) Earth observation data policies. In: Brünner Ch, Soucek A (eds) Outer space in society, politics and law. Springer, New York, p 674
5.
Doldirina C (2015) Open data and earth observations: the case of opening up access to and use of earth observation data through the global earth observation system of systems 6 (2015) JIPITEC 73, para 1
6.
Harris R (2002) Earth observation data policy and Europe. Balkema Publishers, Leiden
7.
Regulation (EU) No. 377/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3 April 2014 establishing the Copernicus Programme and repealing Regulation (EU) No. 911/2010
8.
Süss G. ESA Earth observation data policies: principles, current status and reforms. In: Baumann et al. Contracting for space
Metadata
Title
From “Shutter Control” to “Big Data”: Trends in the Legal Treatment of Earth Observation Data
Authors
Ulrike Bohlmann
Alexander Soucek
Copyright Year
2018
Book
Satellite-Based Earth Observation

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-74804-7

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-74805-4

Copyright Year: 2018

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74805-4_19

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