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2017 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

Funktionale Musik

Author : Helga de la Motte-Haber

Published in: Handbuch Funktionale Musik

Publisher: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden

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Zusammenfassung

Der Artikel geht von einer Unterscheidung autonomer und funktionaler Musik aus. Die Idee der Autonomie, d. h. einer Kunst, die um immer selbst willen geschaffen wird, entstand im 18. Jahrhundert und führte schon im 19. Jahrhundert zu kunstkämpferischen Auseinandersetzungen mit dem Gedanken, Kunst müsse eine Wirkung haben. Eine solche Wirkungsästhetik bestimmt bis zum heutigen Tag den Einsatz von Hintergrundmusik zur Gestaltung von Atmosphären, Mood Managing, Leitungssteigerung nicht nur beim Sport, sondern auch bei kognitiven Aufgaben. Die Untersuchungen zu positiven und negativen Effekten werden diskutiert. Die Frage stellt sich, warum auch die sogenannte autonome Musik zu solchen Zwecken verwendet wird.

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Footnotes
1
Um Missverständnissen vorzubeugen: das hieß nicht, dass es keine Auftraggeber mehr gab, sondern dass diese keinen Einfluss auf die Gestaltung der Arbeiten haben sollten.
 
2
Vgl. Moritz 1788.
 
3
Moritz 1788, S. 20 und S. 38.
 
4
Smith 1795 in Seidel 1989, S. 68.
 
5
Vgl. Batteux 1746, S. 17, 82.
 
6
Ebd., S. 11/12. Es sind die Menschen, die die Künste gemacht haben, und sie haben sie um ihrer selbst willen gemacht.
 
7
Moritz 1788, S. 39 und S. 40.
 
8
Ebd., S. 18.
 
9
Vgl. Kant 1790.
 
10
Vgl. Hanslick 1854/1966.
 
11
Vgl. Simmel 1914.
 
12
Ebd. S. 3, 5.
 
13
Ebd. S. 4.
 
14
Vgl. Schiller 1895, S. 4.
 
15
Vgl. Hentschel 2006.
 
16
Vgl. Fuhr 2007.
 
17
Vgl. Gracyk 1996.
 
18
Vgl. Frith 1981.
 
19
Vgl. Krims 1998, S. 13.
 
20
Vgl. Haake 2010.
 
21
Vgl. Anastasi 1964.
 
22
Vgl. ebd.
 
23
Vgl. Kämpfe et al. 2011, S. 424–448.
 
24
Ebd., S. 440.
 
25
Vgl. Wolfe 1983, S. 191–201.
 
26
Vgl. Dolegui 2013, S. 1–21.
 
27
Vgl. La Motte-Haber und Rötter 1990.
 
28
Vgl. Rauscher et al. 1993, S. 661.
 
29
Vgl. Haynes 2003.
 
30
Vgl. Goldenberg et al. 2013, S. 1–16.
 
31
Vgl. Jensen 1931, S. 458–462.
 
32
Vgl. Henderson et al. 1945, S. 313–317.
 
33
Vgl. Dannenbaum 1945, S. 18–26.
 
34
Vgl. Kämpfe et al. 2011, S. 88.
 
35
Vgl. Vŏ et al. 2012, S. 1–14.
 
36
Vgl. Avila et al. 2012, S. 84–93.
 
37
Vgl. Salamé und Baddeley 1982, S. 150–164.
 
38
Auch gelesene Worte können phonologisch memoriert werden.
 
39
Zahlreiche Untersuchungen kritischer Einwände sind zusammengestellt bei Cowan 2005a, b.
 
40
Vgl. Le Compte 1995, S. 391–397.
 
41
Vgl. Salamé und Baddeley 1989, S. 107–122.
 
42
Vgl. Alley und Greene 2008, S. 277–289.
 
43
Vgl. Jones und Macken 1993, S. 369–381.
 
44
Vgl. Tremblay et al. 2000, S. 1750–1754.
 
45
Vgl. Le Compte 1996.
 
46
Vgl. Beaman et al. 2007, S. 124–134.
 
47
Vgl. Hygge et al. 2003, S. 13–21.
 
48
Vgl. Ranschburg 1902, 1905.
 
49
Vgl. Jones und Macken 1995, S. 103–133.
 
50
Vgl. Campbell et al. 2002, S. 199–214.
 
51
Vgl. Schlittmeier et al. 2008, S. 252–271.
 
52
Vgl. Tremblay und Jones 1999, S. 1005–1015.
 
53
Vgl. Hughes et al. 2007, S. 1050–1061.
 
54
Vgl. Hughes et al. 2013, S. 539–553.
 
55
Vgl. Röer et al. 2015, S. 692–702.
 
56
Vgl. Furnham und Strbac 2002, S. 203–217.
 
57
Vgl. Chamorro-Premuzic et al. 2009, S. 2–9.
 
58
Vgl. Mcdonald 2013.
 
59
Vgl. Ylias und Heaven 2003, S. 1069–1079.
 
60
Vgl. Avila et al. 2012.
 
61
Vgl. Karageorghis 2014, S. 433–447.
 
62
Vgl. Simpson und Karageorghis 2006, S. 1095–1102.
 
63
Vgl. Brook und Brook 2010, S. 52–57; Rad und Hafezi 2013.
 
64
Vgl. Szabo und Hoban 2004, S. 39–48.
 
65
Vgl. Szabo et al. 2009, S. 1–13.
 
66
Vgl. Buchbinder und Osman 1979, S. 511–520.
 
67
Vgl. Cherry 1953, S. 975.
 
68
Vgl. Amaral und Langers 2013, S. 1–14.
 
69
Vgl. Sabri et al. 2013, S. 1553–1562.
 
70
Vgl. Moray 1959, S. 56–60; Röer et al. 2013, S. 925–931.
 
71
Vgl. Röer et al. 2014.
 
72
Vgl. Baddeley 1997.
 
73
Vgl. Baddeley 2003.
 
74
Vgl. Cowan 2005a, b.
 
75
Vgl. Oswald et al. 2000, S. 345–350.
 
76
Vgl. Buchner et al. 2004.
 
77
Vgl. Eliott und Cowan 2005, S. 664–675.
 
78
Vgl. Perham und Vizard 2011, S. 625–631.
 
79
Vgl. Oakes und North 2008, S. 589–602.
 
80
Vgl. Yalch und Spangenberg 2000, S. 139–147.
 
81
Vgl. Spangenberg et al. 2005, S. 1583–1589.
 
82
Vgl. Watada et al. 2011, S. 439–447.
 
83
Vgl. Guéguen et al. 2007, S. 268–272.
 
84
Vgl. Bohl 2012, S. 1–24.
 
85
Der Ausdruck geht auf Dolf Zillmann (1988) zurück, der eine Abhängigkeit der Mediennutzung je nach Stimmungslage des Rezipienten beobachtete.
 
86
Vgl. Schramm 2005.
 
87
Ich danke Elke B. Lange für die Korrekturen beim Thema Hintergrundmusik.
 
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Metadata
Title
Funktionale Musik
Author
Helga de la Motte-Haber
Copyright Year
2017
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-10219-7_1