Top

Published in:

2023 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

GAZA STRIP: Non-State Actors and COVID-19—Hamas as a Case Study

Author : Abdalhadi Alijla

Published in: Cities Under COVID-19: A Systems Perspective

Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

In late 2019, the novel coronavirus appeared in Wuhan province in China, resulting in thousands of deaths. Because of the public health emergency China took unprecedented measures by locking down millions of people in the Hubei areas (BBC in Coronavirus: Wuhan in first virus cluster since end of lockdown. BBC News. 2020. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-52613138). The crisis tested the preparedness of various societies and states as countries sought to prevent deaths and overloading of their health care systems. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), as of January 10, 2022, there were around 300 million confirmed cases and more than 5.5 million deaths, and more than 9 billion vaccines administered (WHO in WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. World Health Organization. 2022. https://covid19.who.int). The crisis forced many governments to respond quickly, including closing economies, shutting down countries, and forcing citizens to adhere to new measures for many months.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

previous chapter FINLAND: How Bright Are the Northern Lights—Finnish Welfare State and Local Responses to COVID-19

next chapter India Coping Strategies, Response and Sustainable Future to COVID-19 in the Capital of India, Delhi

The Peace accord signed between the Palestinian Liberation Organization and Israel in 1993. Based on the accord, Israel should have left the occupied East Jerusalem, West Bank, and the Gaza strip in 1999, establishing a Palestinian state.

A1 (2021, February) Interview, Palestinian Researcher-Gaza [Mobile]

A2 (2020, August) Interview, Palestinian Public Health expert, Gaza [Telephone]

A3 (2020, July) Interview, Palestinian Journalist, Gaza [Telephone]

A4 (2020, July) Interview, Palestinian expert [Mobile]

A5 (2021, January) Interview, Palestinian academic [Personal communication]

A6 (2020, June) Interview Palestinian doctor [Telephone]

A7 (2020, August) Interview, Palestinian Journalist, Gaza [Telephone]

A8 (2020, July) Interview, Palestinian Researcher-Cairo [Mobile]

A9 (2020, June) Interview, Palestinian CSO activists [Mobile]

Abdelhamid M (2020)

https://static-content.springer.com/image/chp%3A10.1007%2F978-981-19-8163-0_9/MediaObjects/538283_1_En_9_Figb_HTML.png

Text in a foreign language.

. Majalat Al-Dirasat Al-Filastiniyah, Summer(123), 191–201

Abu Don M (2020, April 9) Blockaded Gaza reports 116 new coronavirus cases. https://cutt.ly/BkbAUFC

Abuamer A (2020, April 10) Hamas rejects Israeli conditions to help Gaza confront coronavirus. Middle East Monitor. https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20200410-hamas-rejects-israeli-conditions-to-help-gaza-confront-coronavirus/

AJELSA (2020, March 15)

https://static-content.springer.com/image/chp%3A10.1007%2F978-981-19-8163-0_9/MediaObjects/538283_1_En_9_Figc_HTML.png

Text in a foreign language.

https://static-content.springer.com/image/chp%3A10.1007%2F978-981-19-8163-0_9/MediaObjects/538283_1_En_9_Figd_HTML.png

Text in a foreign language.

. https://bit.ly/324m0UB

Alalam (2020a)

https://static-content.springer.com/image/chp%3A10.1007%2F978-981-19-8163-0_9/MediaObjects/538283_1_En_9_Fige_HTML.png

Text in a foreign language.

. http://tiny.cc/27lnuz

Alalam (2020b)

https://static-content.springer.com/image/chp%3A10.1007%2F978-981-19-8163-0_9/MediaObjects/538283_1_En_9_Figf_HTML.png

Text in a foreign language.

. http://tiny.cc/w6lnuz

Al-Ali N (2020) Covid-19 and feminism in the Global South: Challenges, initiatives and dilemmas. Eur J Women’s Stud 27(4):333–347. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350506820943617CrossRef

AlArabiya (2020, May 1) Hamas coordinates coronavirus trainings for Gaza doctors, nurses in Israel: Reports. Al Arabiya English. https://bit.ly/2DNf4yz

Alfarra J (2021, June 18) Israel’s occupation is Gaza’s main medical problem, insist professionals. Middle East Monitor. https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20210618-israels-occupation-is-gazas-main-medical-problem-insist-professionals/

Alijla A (2016) Between inequality and sectarianism: Who destroys generalised trust? The case of Lebanon. Int Soc Sci J 66(219–220):177–195. https://doi.org/10.1111/issj.12122CrossRef

Alijla A (2020) Trust in Divided Societies: State, Institutions and Governance in Lebanon, Syria and Palestine. Bloomsbury Publishing. https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/trust-in-divided-societies-9781838605322/

Alijla A (2021a) The (Semi) State’s Fragility: Hamas, Clannism, and Legitimacy. Soc Sci 10(11):437. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci10110437CrossRef

Alijla A (2021b) ‘We are in a Battle with the Virus’: Hamas, Hezbollah, and covid-19. Middle East Law Governance XX(1):13. https://doi.org/10.1163/18763375-14010001CrossRef

Alijla A, Al Masri A (2019) New Bottles, Old Wine: The Contemporary Palestinian Political Division. Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Multidisciplinary Studies, 6(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.17077/2168-538X.1116

ArabCenter (2020, June 18) Coronavirus in Iran and the Question of Legitimacy—Nader Hashemi. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmNEPvk0yDg

BBC (2020, May 11) Coronavirus: Wuhan in first virus cluster since end of lockdown. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-52613138

Biedscheid, J. (2020). Non-state Actors’ COVID-19 Response in Nepal (No. 3342; Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection). ISP. https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/3342

Cammett M (2014) Compassionate Communalism: Welfare and Sectarianism in Lebanon (1st ed.). Cornell University Press

Duque Franco I, Ortiz C, Samper J, Millan G (2020) Mapping repertoires of collective action facing the COVID-19 pandemic in informal settlements in Latin American cities. Environ Urban 32(2):523–546. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247820944823CrossRef

Ebikeme C, Gatzweiler F, Oni T, Liu J, Oyuela A, Siri J (2019) Xiamen call for action: Building the brain of the city—Universal Principles of Urban Health. J Urban Health 96(4):507–509. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-018-00342-0CrossRef

Edgell AB, Luhrmann A, Maerz S, Lachapelle J, Sandra G, Alijla A, Vanessa AB (2020) Pandemic Backsliding: During Covid-19 (PanDem). Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Institute. www.v-dem.net/en/our-work/research-projects/pandemic-backsliding/

Elisa N (2020) Government legitimacy key factor in coronavirus response: Roundup on presidential campaigns, legitimacy, and coronavirus. Centre For Public Impact (CPI). https://cpi.production.parallax.dev/insights/government-legitimacy-key-factor-coronavirus-response-roundup-presidential-campaigns-legitimacy-coronavirus

Fuchs C (2020) Everyday life and everyday communication in coronavirus capitalism. TripleC: communication, capitalism & critique. Open Access J Global Sustain Inf Soc 18(1): 375–399. https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v18i1.1167

Furlan M (2020) Rebel governance at the time of Covid-19: emergencies as opportunities for rebel rulers. Studies Conflict Terrorism 1:24. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2020.1816681CrossRef

ISA (2020) Global sociology and the coronavirus. International Sociological Association. https://www.isa-sociology.org//en/publications/isa-digital-worlds/global-sociology-and-the-coronavirus

Levy G (2020) Israel trading in ventilators for helpless Gazans is inhumane—Opinion—Haaretz.com [News Agency]. Haartz. https://www.haaretz.com/opinion/.premium-israel-trading-in-ventilators-for-helpless-gazans-is-inhumane-1.8768709

Lindaman D, Viala-Gaudefroy J (2020) Donald Trump’s ‘Chinese virus’: The politics of naming. The Conversation. http://theconversation.com/donald-trumps-chinese-virus-the-politics-of-naming-136796

Malejacq R (2017) From rebel to quasi-state: governance, diplomacy and legitimacy in the Midst of Afghanistan’s Wars (1979–2001). Small Wars Insurgencies 28(4–5):867–886. https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2017.1322332CrossRef

MoH-Gaza (2022) COVID-19 Daily Report. Ministry of Health-Gaza. https://www.moh.gov.ps/portal/coronavirus/

Nicola P (2020) COVID–19 and the Crisis of Social Reproduction in the Middle East and North Africa, 13/07/20, Think Development (WICID) Blog. The Warwick Interdisciplinary Research Centre for International Development. https://bit.ly/2CcpxTG

Noa S, Dekel U (2020, April) The coronavirus in Gaza: Insights from a War Game. INSS. https://www.inss.org.il/publication/coronavirus-and-gaza/

OCHA (2018) Over 700 road obstacles control Palestinian movement within the West Bank. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs - Occupied Palestinian Territory |. https://bit.ly/3A2frOO

PAG (2020, May) COVID-19 and Gaza [Facebook Live Talk]. Palestine Academic Group On COVID-19 and Gaza, Online

PCBS. (2021).

https://static-content.springer.com/image/chp%3A10.1007%2F978-981-19-8163-0_9/MediaObjects/538283_1_En_9_Figg_HTML.png

Text in a foreign language.

. Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics. https://www.pcbs.gov.ps/postar.aspx?tabID=512&lang=ar&ItemID=4149&mid=3915&wversion=Staging

PMOH (2020a) COVID-19 Daily Report 12/03 [Government]. Ministry of Health-Gaza. https://bit.ly/3agt5kJ

PMOH (2020b) Daily Report for COVID 19 Virus 3/8/2020b. Ministry of Health-Gaza

PMOH (2022) Daily Report for COVID 19 Virus 22/03/2020. Ministry of Health-Gaza. https://bit.ly/3fBJqBi

Rae M (2020) The challenge of measuring the economic impact of coronavirus. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781529741377

Sadati AK, Lankarani B, Bagheri Lankarani K (2020) Risk society, global vulnerability and fragile resilience; sociological view on the coronavirus outbreak. Shiraz E-Med J https://doi.org/10.5812/semj.102263

Sayigh Y (2011) We serve the people—Hamas Policing in Gaza (1st edn). Crown Center for Middle East Studies

Seaboyer A, Jolicoeur P (2020) The Weaponization of COVID-19: A Comparison Between China and Russia. In COVID-19 and the Future of Global Order (1st ed.). Network for Strategic Analysis (NSA)

Shehab. (2020, May 10).

https://static-content.springer.com/image/chp%3A10.1007%2F978-981-19-8163-0_9/MediaObjects/538283_1_En_9_Figh_HTML.png

Text in a foreign language.

. Shehab News Agency. https://bit.ly/3fD7ML4

Swed O (2021) Implausible sovereigns and their organizational logic: Violent non-state actors’ response to COVID-19. Small Wars Insurgencies 32(8):1302–1331. https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2021.1956091CrossRef

Taylor C (2020, May 19) Scientists propose a 50 days on, 30 days off coronavirus lockdown strategy. CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/19/study-proposes-50-days-on-30-days-off-coronavirus-lockdown-strategy.html

Tilly C (2005) Trust and Rule (1st ed.). Cambridge University Press. https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/trust-and-rule/DFDAC1971F4054E6183BE99EB94670FA

UN. (2020, April 28).

https://static-content.springer.com/image/chp%3A10.1007%2F978-981-19-8163-0_9/MediaObjects/538283_1_En_9_Figi_HTML.png

Text in a foreign language.

https://static-content.springer.com/image/chp%3A10.1007%2F978-981-19-8163-0_9/MediaObjects/538283_1_En_9_Figj_HTML.png

Text in a foreign language.

. UN News Agency. https://bit.ly/2DEy81Y

Ward PR (2020) A sociology of the Covid-19 pandemic: a commentary and research agenda for sociologists. J Sociol 56(4):726–735. https://doi.org/10.1177/1440783320939682CrossRef

Wen J, Aston J, Liu X, Ying T (2020) Effects of misleading media coverage on public health crisis: a case of the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in China. Anatolia 31(2):331–336. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2020.1730621CrossRef

WHO (2020) Health conditions in the occupied Palestinian territory, including east Jerusalem, and in the occupied Syrian Golan [UN report]. World Health Organization

WHO (2022) WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. World Health Organization. https://covid19.who.int

Winter Y (2016) The Siege of Gaza: spatial violence, humanitarian strategies, and the biopolitics of punishment: The Siege of Gaza: Yves Winter. Constellations 23(2):308–319. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8675.12185CrossRef

Title: GAZA STRIP: Non-State Actors and COVID-19—Hamas as a Case Study
Author: Abdalhadi Alijla
Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore
Book: Cities Under COVID-19: A Systems Perspective
Print ISBN: 978-981-19-8162-3

Electronic ISBN: 978-981-19-8163-0

Copyright Year: 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8163-0_9

Springer Professional

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"