Skip to main content
Top

2024 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

17. Gendered Social Norms and Financial Inclusion in Turkey

Author : Nuray Karaman

Published in: Financial Inclusion

Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

A new area of research has recently emerged on the importance of gender disparities in financial inclusion. The sustainable development goals address improving the capabilities and operations of financial institutions, and this is one of the common topics that is highlighted within the context of SDG subgoal 8.10. Financial inclusion is now viewed by many countries in the Global South as one of the most crucial development initiatives. Turkey has joined the movement in recent years, and officials have developed an agenda for financial inclusion. While Turkey’s financial inclusion plans aim to increase the reach of the financial system, they mostly disregard the importance of women in financial inclusion, which is becoming more widely recognized. This chapter tries to address a variety of reasons, including political, cultural, and social issues, as well as financial issues that hinder women’s financial participation in Turkey. This study aims to show the importance of understanding gendered social norms in favor of fairness in financial inclusion in order to reduce the gender gap in access to and use of financial services. Additionally, understanding the financial inclusion of women in Turkey offers policymakers a fresh viewpoint for future consideration of the new financial inclusion rules.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
go back to reference Acuner, S. (2013). Gender and development in Turkey. Turkish Policy Quarterly, 11(4), 71–78. Acuner, S. (2013). Gender and development in Turkey. Turkish Policy Quarterly, 11(4), 71–78.
go back to reference Altan-Olcay, Ö. (2016). The entrepreneurial woman in development programs: Thinking through class differences. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society, 23(3), 389–414.CrossRef Altan-Olcay, Ö. (2016). The entrepreneurial woman in development programs: Thinking through class differences. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society, 23(3), 389–414.CrossRef
go back to reference Beneria, L. (2001). Introduction. In Gender and development: Theoretical, empirical and practical approaches (Vol. 1, pp. xi–xxi). Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc. Beneria, L. (2001). Introduction. In Gender and development: Theoretical, empirical and practical approaches (Vol. 1, pp. xi–xxi). Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc.
go back to reference Blake, M., & Propson, D. (2018). Advancing financial inclusion metrics: Shifting from access to economic empowerment. World Economic Forum. Blake, M., & Propson, D. (2018). Advancing financial inclusion metrics: Shifting from access to economic empowerment. World Economic Forum.
go back to reference Boudet, A. M. M., & Agar, M. (2014). Female entrepreneurship in Turkey. The World Bank. Boudet, A. M. M., & Agar, M. (2014). Female entrepreneurship in Turkey. The World Bank.
go back to reference Bozkurt, İ., & Karakuş, R. (2020). Provincial financial inclusion in Turkey: Measurement and its spatial determinants. Ege Academic Review, 20(2), 101–124. Bozkurt, İ., & Karakuş, R. (2020). Provincial financial inclusion in Turkey: Measurement and its spatial determinants. Ege Academic Review, 20(2), 101–124.
go back to reference Calhoun, C. (2007). Nations matter: Culture, history, and the cosmopolitan dream. Routledge.CrossRef Calhoun, C. (2007). Nations matter: Culture, history, and the cosmopolitan dream. Routledge.CrossRef
go back to reference Caner, A., Guven, C., Okten, C., & Sakalli, S. O. (2016). Gender roles and the education gender gap in Turkey. Social Indicators Research, 129(3), 1231–1254.CrossRef Caner, A., Guven, C., Okten, C., & Sakalli, S. O. (2016). Gender roles and the education gender gap in Turkey. Social Indicators Research, 129(3), 1231–1254.CrossRef
go back to reference Cawthorne, A. (2008). The straight facts on women in poverty. Center for American Progress, 8(1), 1–3. Cawthorne, A. (2008). The straight facts on women in poverty. Center for American Progress, 8(1), 1–3.
go back to reference Cetindamar, D., Gupta, V. K., Karadeniz, E. E., & Egrican, N. (2012). What the numbers tell: The impact of human, family, and financial capital on women and men’s entry into entrepreneurship in Turkey. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 24(1–2), 29–51.CrossRef Cetindamar, D., Gupta, V. K., Karadeniz, E. E., & Egrican, N. (2012). What the numbers tell: The impact of human, family, and financial capital on women and men’s entry into entrepreneurship in Turkey. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 24(1–2), 29–51.CrossRef
go back to reference Cheston, S., & Kuhn, L. (2002). Empowering women through microfinance. In S. Daley-Harris (Ed.), Pathways out of poverty: Innovations in microfinance for the poorest families. Kumarian Press. Cheston, S., & Kuhn, L. (2002). Empowering women through microfinance. In S. Daley-Harris (Ed.), Pathways out of poverty: Innovations in microfinance for the poorest families. Kumarian Press.
go back to reference Cole, S., Paulson, A., & Shastry, G. K. (2014). Smart money? The effect of education on financial outcomes. The Review of Financial Studies, 27(7), 2022–2051.CrossRef Cole, S., Paulson, A., & Shastry, G. K. (2014). Smart money? The effect of education on financial outcomes. The Review of Financial Studies, 27(7), 2022–2051.CrossRef
go back to reference Demirgüç-Kunt, A., & Klapper, L. F. (2012). Measuring financial inclusion: The global Findex database. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, (6025). Demirgüç-Kunt, A., & Klapper, L. F. (2012). Measuring financial inclusion: The global Findex database. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, (6025).
go back to reference Demirgüç-Kunt, A., Klapper, L. F., & Singer, D. (2013). Financial inclusion and legal discrimination against women: Evidence from developing countries. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, (6416). Demirgüç-Kunt, A., Klapper, L. F., & Singer, D. (2013). Financial inclusion and legal discrimination against women: Evidence from developing countries. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, (6416).
go back to reference Demirguc-Kunt, A., Klapper, L., Singer, D., & Ansar, S. (2018). The global Findex database 2017: Measuring financial inclusion and the fintech revolution. World Bank Publications.CrossRef Demirguc-Kunt, A., Klapper, L., Singer, D., & Ansar, S. (2018). The global Findex database 2017: Measuring financial inclusion and the fintech revolution. World Bank Publications.CrossRef
go back to reference Duflo, E. (2012). Women empowerment and economic development. Journal of Economic Literature, 50(4), 1051–1079.CrossRef Duflo, E. (2012). Women empowerment and economic development. Journal of Economic Literature, 50(4), 1051–1079.CrossRef
go back to reference Dupas, P., & Robinson, J. (2013). Why don’t the poor save more? Evidence from health savings experiments. American Economic Review, 103(4), 1138–1171.CrossRef Dupas, P., & Robinson, J. (2013). Why don’t the poor save more? Evidence from health savings experiments. American Economic Review, 103(4), 1138–1171.CrossRef
go back to reference Ecevit, Y. (2007). A critical approach to women’s entrepreneurship in Turkey. International Labor Office. Ecevit, Y. (2007). A critical approach to women’s entrepreneurship in Turkey. International Labor Office.
go back to reference Fareed, F., Gabriel, M., Lenain, P., & Reynaud, J. (2017). Financial inclusion and women entrepreneurship (Working paper no. ECO/WKP(2017)43). Fareed, F., Gabriel, M., Lenain, P., & Reynaud, J. (2017). Financial inclusion and women entrepreneurship (Working paper no. ECO/WKP(2017)43).
go back to reference Gammage, S., Kes, A., Winograd, L., Sultana, N., Hiller, S., & Bourgault, S. (2017). Gender and digital financial inclusion: What do we know and what do we need to know? International Center for Research on Women. Gammage, S., Kes, A., Winograd, L., Sultana, N., Hiller, S., & Bourgault, S. (2017). Gender and digital financial inclusion: What do we know and what do we need to know? International Center for Research on Women.
go back to reference Ghosh, S., & Vinod, D. (2017). What constrains financial inclusion for women? Evidence from Indian microdata. World Development, 92(1), 60–81.CrossRef Ghosh, S., & Vinod, D. (2017). What constrains financial inclusion for women? Evidence from Indian microdata. World Development, 92(1), 60–81.CrossRef
go back to reference Güngen, A. R. (2018). Financial inclusion and policy-making: Strategy, campaigns, and microcredit a la Turca. New Political Economy, 23(3), 331–347.CrossRef Güngen, A. R. (2018). Financial inclusion and policy-making: Strategy, campaigns, and microcredit a la Turca. New Political Economy, 23(3), 331–347.CrossRef
go back to reference Hendriks, S. (2019). The role of financial inclusion in driving women’s economic empowerment. Development in Practice, 29(8), 1029–1038.CrossRef Hendriks, S. (2019). The role of financial inclusion in driving women’s economic empowerment. Development in Practice, 29(8), 1029–1038.CrossRef
go back to reference İlkkaracan, İ. (2012). Why are so few women in the labor market in Turkey? Feminist Economics, 18(1), 1–37.CrossRef İlkkaracan, İ. (2012). Why are so few women in the labor market in Turkey? Feminist Economics, 18(1), 1–37.CrossRef
go back to reference Klapper, L., & Singh, S. (2015). The gender gap in the use of financial services in Turkey.CrossRef Klapper, L., & Singh, S. (2015). The gender gap in the use of financial services in Turkey.CrossRef
go back to reference Lusardi, A., & Mitchell, O. S. (2008). Planning and financial literacy: How do women fare? American Economic Review, 98(2), 413–417.CrossRef Lusardi, A., & Mitchell, O. S. (2008). Planning and financial literacy: How do women fare? American Economic Review, 98(2), 413–417.CrossRef
go back to reference Markel, E., Gettliffe, E., Jones, L., Miller, E., & Kim, L. (2016). The social norms factor: How gendered social norms influence how we empower women in market systems development. The BEAM Exchange. Markel, E., Gettliffe, E., Jones, L., Miller, E., & Kim, L. (2016). The social norms factor: How gendered social norms influence how we empower women in market systems development. The BEAM Exchange.
go back to reference Mogdaham, V. (2003). Modernizing women –Gender and social change in the Middle East (Second ed.). Lynne Rienner Publisher. Mogdaham, V. (2003). Modernizing women –Gender and social change in the Middle East (Second ed.). Lynne Rienner Publisher.
go back to reference Norris, P. (2001). Breaking the barriers: Positive discrimination policies for women. In Has liberalism failed women? (pp. 89–110). Palgrave Macmillan. Norris, P. (2001). Breaking the barriers: Positive discrimination policies for women. In Has liberalism failed women? (pp. 89–110). Palgrave Macmillan.
go back to reference Okten Hasker, C. (2015). Female entrepreneurship in Turkey: Patterns, characteristics, and trends (Vol. No. 102013, pp. 1–36). The World Bank.CrossRef Okten Hasker, C. (2015). Female entrepreneurship in Turkey: Patterns, characteristics, and trends (Vol. No. 102013, pp. 1–36). The World Bank.CrossRef
go back to reference Prina, S. (2015). Banking the poor via savings accounts: Evidence from a field experiment. Journal of Development Economics, 115(1), 16–31.CrossRef Prina, S. (2015). Banking the poor via savings accounts: Evidence from a field experiment. Journal of Development Economics, 115(1), 16–31.CrossRef
go back to reference Saha, A. (2020). Gender interests and financial inclusion: A feminist analysis on the rural women of Barpeta District. International Journal of Management (IJM), 11(6), 1047–1057. Saha, A. (2020). Gender interests and financial inclusion: A feminist analysis on the rural women of Barpeta District. International Journal of Management (IJM), 11(6), 1047–1057.
go back to reference Schwab, K., Samans, R., Zahidi, S., Leopold, T. A., Ratcheva, V., Hausmann, R., & Tyson, L. D. (2017, March). The global gender gap report 2017. World Economic Forum. Schwab, K., Samans, R., Zahidi, S., Leopold, T. A., Ratcheva, V., Hausmann, R., & Tyson, L. D. (2017, March). The global gender gap report 2017. World Economic Forum.
go back to reference Sen, G., & Grown, C. (1987). Development alternatives with women for a new era. Earthscan. Sen, G., & Grown, C. (1987). Development alternatives with women for a new era. Earthscan.
go back to reference Sen, G., & Mukherjee, A. (2014). No empowerment without rights, no rights without politics: Gender equality, MDGs, and the post-2015 development agenda. Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 15(2–3), 188–202.CrossRef Sen, G., & Mukherjee, A. (2014). No empowerment without rights, no rights without politics: Gender equality, MDGs, and the post-2015 development agenda. Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 15(2–3), 188–202.CrossRef
go back to reference Siddik, M. N. A. (2017). Does financial inclusion promote women’s empowerment? Evidence from Bangladesh. Applied Economics and Finance, 4(4), 169–177.CrossRef Siddik, M. N. A. (2017). Does financial inclusion promote women’s empowerment? Evidence from Bangladesh. Applied Economics and Finance, 4(4), 169–177.CrossRef
go back to reference Swamy, V. (2014). Financial inclusion, gender dimension, and economic impact on poor households. World Development, 56(1), 1–15.CrossRef Swamy, V. (2014). Financial inclusion, gender dimension, and economic impact on poor households. World Development, 56(1), 1–15.CrossRef
go back to reference Tinker, I. (2001). The making of a field: Advocates, practitioners, and scholars. Gender and Development: Theoretical, Empirical and Practical Approaches, 1(1), 70–101. Tinker, I. (2001). The making of a field: Advocates, practitioners, and scholars. Gender and Development: Theoretical, Empirical and Practical Approaches, 1(1), 70–101.
go back to reference Todaro, M. P., & Smith, S. C. (2011). Economic development. Addison-Wesley, Pearson, ISBN, 10(1), 0–13. Todaro, M. P., & Smith, S. C. (2011). Economic development. Addison-Wesley, Pearson, ISBN, 10(1), 0–13.
go back to reference World Economic Forum. (2013). The global gender gap report 2013. World Economic Forum. World Economic Forum. (2013). The global gender gap report 2013. World Economic Forum.
go back to reference Yıldırım, M., Bayram, F., Oğuz, A., & Günay, G. (2017). Financial literacy level of individuals and its relationships to demographic variables. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 8(3), 19–33.CrossRef Yıldırım, M., Bayram, F., Oğuz, A., & Günay, G. (2017). Financial literacy level of individuals and its relationships to demographic variables. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 8(3), 19–33.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Gendered Social Norms and Financial Inclusion in Turkey
Author
Nuray Karaman
Copyright Year
2024
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-68803-4_17

Premium Partners