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2019 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

5. General Motors in Belgium

Author : A. J. Jacobs

Published in: The Automotive Industry and European Integration

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

This chapter chronicles GM’s history in Belgium beginning with its three small pre-World War II assembly warehouses near Antwerp’s city center. It then focuses on the American automaker’s Noorderlaan-1 and Noorderlaan-2 factories, the latter of which unexpectedly closed its doors at the Port of Antwerp’s Churchill Docks on December 15, 2010. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of General Motors’ exiting of Europe through the sale of its Opel/Vauxhall assets to PSA Peugeot Citroen of France in 2017.

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WSJ (1924); GME (2001–2009); GM (2005); Wernle (2008), GM Belgium (2010); Fourie (2016); Jacobs (2017); the original Berlin plant was in the city’s Wittenau ortsteil (district), but by the end of that year GM had moved to a bigger plant in Berlin’s Borsigwalde district. Both are situated within the city’s present-day Reinickendorf bezirke (borough).

Ibid.

GM (2005); GM Belgium (2010).

Ibid.

AP (1928); Fourie (2016).

New York Times (1929); GM (2005); GM Belgium (2010); Jacobs (2017). In 1931, GM purchased Opel’s remaining 24% share.

New York Times (1935); GM (2005); GM Belgium (2010); Fourie (2016); Jacobs (2017).

Ibid.

GM Belgium (2010); Fourie (2016); Opel Belgium (2019).

AP (1965); Jones (1965); O’Toole (1965); Reuters (1965); Cook (1967); GM Belgium (2010); Belgium (2017–2018).

Ibid.

GM Belgium (2010); Opel Belgium (2019).

Ibid.

AP (1973); Halloran (1973); Smith (1973); Eder (1973); Reuters (1973).

GM Belgium (2010); Belgium (2017–2018); Opel Belgium (2019).

Ibid.

Bloomberg News (1997); GME (2001–2009); GM Belgium (2010); Belgium (2017–2018). The manufacture of car bodies and other components for the Vectra B continued in Antwerp until December 2002.

GME (2001–2009); Belgium (2017–2018).

GME (2001–2009); Fuhrmans (2009b); GM Belgium (2010); BBC (2012); Jacobs (2017); Opel Belgium (2019).

Burt (1999); GM Belgium (2010); Belgium (2017–2018).

GM (2003); GM Belgium (2010); Belgium (2017–2018).

English (2004); GM Belgium (2010); Belgium (2017–2018); Opel Belgium (2019).

Ward’s (1956–2018); GME (2001–2009); English (2004); Gow (2004); Knox (2004); GM Belgium (2010).

Dribbusch (2005); Landler (2005); Belgium (2017–2018).

Ibid.

GME (2001–2009); GM (2009): GM Belgium (2010); Belgium (2017–2018).

Bunkley (2006); GM Belgium (2010).

IHS Markit (2007); White and Power (2007); GM Belgium (2010); Belgium (2017–2018).

Ibid.

WSJ (2007, 2008); Belgium (2017–2018).

GME (2001–2009); GM (2009); GM Belgium (2010).

Ward’s (1956–2018); Dash and Bajaj (2008); St. Louis Business Journal (2008); GM (2009); Jacobs (2017).

Ward’s (1956–2018); Jacobs (2016).

Cimilluca (2009); Dougherty (2009a).

Ward’s (1956–2018); Dougherty (2009b); Jacobs (2016).

Ward’s (1956–2018); Kim and Lawder (2010); Belgium (2017–2018).

Buck (2009a); Dougherty (2009b); Walker and MacDonald (2009); GM Belgium (2010).

Dougherty (2009b); Jacobs (2016); Belgium (2017–2018).

Brenke et al. (2011); Belgium (2017–2018); Germany (2017).

Ibid.

Ho (2009); Rauwald (2009a, b); Belgium (2017–2018).

Buck (2009a, b); Fuhrmans (2009a, b); Maynard (2009); New York Times (2009); Reeds et al. (2009); Stoll and Fuhrmans (2009).

Fuhrmans (2009a); Rauwald and Bjork (2009).

Fuhrmans (2009a); Popa (2009); Rauwald and Bjork (2009); GM Belgium (2010).

Buck (2009a); Madslien (2009); Rauwald and Bjork (2009); Stoll et al. (2009); GM Belgium (2010).

Buck (2009b); Jolly and Dempsey (2009); Madslien (2009); Popa (2009); Stoll et al. (2009).

Fuhrmans (2009c); GM Belgium (2010).

Jolly and Dempsey (2009); Stoll et al. (2009).

Terlep and Stoll (2009); Fuhrmans and Rauwald (2010); GM Belgium (2010); Jolly (2010); Opel (2010–2018).

Fuhrmans and Rauwald (2010); GM Belgium (2010); Popa (2010); Rauwald (2010); Ewing (2012).

Bailey (2010); Flanders Today (2010); Belgium (2017–2018).

DeMorgen (2010); Rauwald (2010); Opel (2010–2018); Belgium (2017–2018).

Ward’s (1956–2018); Opel (2010–2018); Jacobs (2016, 2017); Belgium (2017–2018).

Ibid.

Opel (2010–2018); Ewing (2012); McVeigh (2013); Belgium (2017–2018).

Hope (2014); Belgium (2017–2018).

Automotive News (2017); Belgium (2017–2018); Frost and Taylor (2017); Tobin (2017).

Ibid.

Belgium (2017–2018); Antwerp (2018).

Antwerp (2018) Port of Antwerp Extends Request for Proposals for Churchill Site, 12 September, https://www.portofantwerp.com/nl/node/30230

AP (1928) General Motors Shifts Export Base. New York Times. 17 October, 43.

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Eder R (1973) 4 More Arab Governments Bar Oil Supplies for U.S. New York Times, 22 October, 1, 20.

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Flanders Today (2010) GM Puts Opel Antwerp Plant on the Market. 25 August, http://www.flanderstoday.eu/current-affairs/gm-puts-opel-antwerp-plant-market, last 25 December 2018.

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Title: General Motors in Belgium
Author: A. J. Jacobs
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Book: The Automotive Industry and European Integration
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-17430-9

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-17431-6

Copyright Year: 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17431-6_5

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