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2024 | Book

General Reference Architecture Frameworks

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About this book

Studying high complexity projects implementation is the object of this book. Multiple interactions and emergences are the core of higher complexity and of associated models and projects. The starting point of our approach is the observed similarity or isomorphism of roadmaps toward higher complexity and of reference architectures for different domains of reality.

The objective is to propose a General Polytopic Roadmaps (GPTR) and a General Reference Architecture Framework (GRAF) and use these for 8D Program implementation. The GPTR shows the stages: 0D, 1D, 2D, 4D, and 8D.

The book is divided into 8 chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the GRAF as a 4D of 4D polytope. Chapter 2 emphasizes the role for the dialogue of processes in duality, of the logic of contradiction, of iteration and of included middle to face high complexity. Chapter 3 refers to operations and equipments of engineering interest as permutations, mixings and separations. Chapter 4 refers to modeling and simulation. Chapter 5 concerns creative design models. Dual process design, and processes integration are presented. Industry 4.0, future developments to Industry 8.0 and chemical engineering paradigms are evaluated in Chapter 6. Chapter 7 focuses on complex systems as production systems of systems architecture frameworks, decision models, operations processes, and cyber-physical social systems. Chapter 8 discusses implementation of high complexity projects for different levels of reality.

The book is useful to engineers, researchers, entrepreneurs, and students in different branches of production, science, and engineering of high complexity.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter
1. Complexity
Abstract
A way to explore complexity and emergence is presented here. Reference architectures are introduced as a set of schemes that identifies structures and allows integration of assets, operations, equipments, methods, products, tests and applications in different projects. The proposed main stages for high complexity roadmap are: Descriptive, Adaptive, Evolvable, Self-Evolvable (SE) and SE of SE. They correspond to 0D, 1D, 2D, 4D, and 8D reference architectures. The SE stage is associated to 4D and live-like systems. The SE of SE stage is associated to 8D and to intelligent-like capabilities. General roadmaps and frameworks for 4D and 8D reference architectures are introduced.
Octavian Iordache
2. Methods
Abstract
A methodology to explore high complexity is introduced here. It is based on the Logic of Contradiction developed by Lupasco. This organizes the duality frames associated to the events E and non-events E’. Relation to the systems of thinking frames, System1 and System 2 as defined in Dual Process Theory, DPT, is highlighted. A list of Included Middle, IM, exemplars for different domains of reality is proposed. Their role for the dialogue in duality is outlined. Roadmaps, frameworks and roads to higher dimensionality for contradictions and complexity are presented. The Method to achieve higher dimensionality and explore complexity is described by the equation: Method = Iteration + Inclusion.
Octavian Iordache
3. Operations and Equipments
Abstract
Combinatorial species are viewed as basic unit operations. Permutations, distributors collectors, middle vessel columns and separations are the case studies considered here. The similarities of the associated Polytopic Roadmaps are emphasized. Examples of involved mathematical tools are the dual graded graphs and the formal concept analysis. The 4D, that is live-like, and 8D, that is intelligent-like, frameworks have been presented in detail.
Octavian Iordache
4. Modeling
Abstract
Modeling and simulation pertains to the intelligence level of reality. So, modeling methods will adopt hierarchical reference architectures. The dimensions of the Polytopic Roadmap for modeling include: Data, Model, Simulation, Digital Twin (DT) and DT of DT. The simulation level includes: Data, Model, Simulation Tools and System Design. The frames supporting live-like, 4D, and intelligent-like, 8D, stages are illustrated here. Relation between 4D frame and industry 4.0 is emphasized. The model based engineering, MBE, is a reference architecture presented as an 8D framework in development.
Octavian Iordache
5. Design
Abstract
The creative and the analytical ingredients in engineering education should stand out as complementary. Both analytical and intuitive methods are required to improve engineering design. Dual process designs, and processes integration are presented here in the general frame for complexity. The design roadmaps are based on the wave equation solution in different fields. Galois fields offer creative designs models, while real field provides analytic designs. Integration shows the wave equation as source for designs of experiments. It is also applied in the study of informational entropy production for distillation columns. Divergence and convergence methodology in design is presented here as a reference architecture framework.
Octavian Iordache
6. Industry
Abstract
Roadmaps and frameworks for Industry 4.0 and Industry 8.0 have been introduced here. The Industry 4.0 is an attempt of unification between physical assets and advanced digital technologies. A generic procedure to introduce Industry 4.0 in Small and Medium Enterprises, SME, was introduced. The 4D frameworks are associated to Industry 4.0. The Reference Architectural Model RAMI 4.0 give companies a framework for developing future products and business models. It is a map showing how to approach the deployment of Industry 4.0 in a structured manner. Industry 8.0 and RAMI 8.0 as described here are 8D frameworks. The Polytopic Roadmaps are correlated to dimensionality of reference architectures. Chemical engineering paradigms are significant case studies of the 8D Program.
Octavian Iordache
7. Systems
Abstract
The relation between high complexity and systems theory is delineated. An architecture framework for systems of systems, SoSAF, is presented. Applicability to manufacturing production systems is evaluated. The process of making good assessments reduces to decision making models. For command and control applications during an actual operation, the opportunity time is limited and uncertainty is high. The 8D development of the OODA (observe-orient-decide-act) model is introduced. Operations process and cyber-physical social system are analyzed in terms of the general 8D framework.
Octavian Iordache
8. Outlook
Abstract
The correlation of main levels of reality is presented using the MBIC (material, biologic, intelligent, cognitive) framework. An illustration of high dimensionality in reference architectures is presented. The diversifying and unifying methodology for science and engineering, for virtuality and reality is highlighted. The 8D Program manifesto, calls engineers, scientists, and entrepreneurs to identify and utilize observables, trends, mechanisms, and key issues concerning the emerging technology, industry and economy driving transition to higher dimension reference architectures and high complexity projects implementation.
Octavian Iordache
Backmatter
Metadata
Title
General Reference Architecture Frameworks
Author
Octavian Iordache
Copyright Year
2024
Electronic ISBN
978-3-031-70718-6
Print ISBN
978-3-031-70717-9
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70718-6