Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Published in:
Introduction Read chapter Read first chapter

2021 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

2. General Setting and Basic Terminology

Author : Abdelwaheb Hannachi

Published in: Patterns Identification and Data Mining in Weather and Climate

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

This chapter introduces some basic terminologies that are used in subsequent chapters. It also presents some basic summary statistics of data sets and reviews basic methods of data filtering and smoothing.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
previous chapter Introduction
next chapter Empirical Orthogonal Functions
Footnotes
1
The modern concept of correlation can be traced as far back as late seventeenth century with Galton (1885), see e.g. Stigler (1986). The use of the concept of correlation is actually older than Galton’s (1885) paper and goes back to 1823 with the German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss who developed the normal surface of N correlated variates. The term “correlation” appears to have been first quoted by Auguste Bravais, a French naval officer and astronomer who worked on bivariate normal distributions. The concept was also used later in 1868 by Charles Darwin, Galton’s cousin, and towards the end of the seventeenth century, Pearson (1895) defined the (Galton-) Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient. See Rodgers and Nicewander (1988) for some details and Pearson (1920) for an account on the history of correlation. Rodgers and Nicewander (1988) list thirteen ways to interpret the correlation coefficients.
 
2
Similar to fitting a probability model where the data is decomposed as data =  fit +  residuals.
 
3
Depending on the calendar month; 28, 29, 30 or 31.
 
4
It could be daily, monthly, etc.
 
5
The coefficient \(\frac {1}{n-1}\) used in (2.15) instead of \(\frac {1}{n}\) is to make the estimate unbiased, but the difference in practice is in general insignificant.
 
6
The square root of a symmetric matrix Σ is a matrix R such that RR T =  Σ. The square root of Σ, however, is not unique since for any orthogonal matrix Q, i.e. QQ T = Q T Q = I, the matrix RQ is also square root. The standard square root is obtained via a congruential relationship with respect to orthogonality and is obtained using the singular value decomposition theorem.
 
Literature
Berthouex PM, Brown LC (1994) Statistics for environmental engineers. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton
Chatfield C (1996) The analysis of time series. An introduction 5th edn. Chapman and Hall, Boca Raton
Chernoff H (1973) The use of faces to represent points in k-dimensional space graphically. J Am Stat Assoc 68:361–368CrossRef
Cleveland WS, McGill R (1984) The many faces of a scatterplot. J Am Statist Assoc 79:807–822
Cleveland WS (1993) Visualising data. Hobart Press, New York
Everitt BS (1978) Graphical techniques for multivariate data. Heinemann Educational Books, London
Fisher RA (1925) Statistical methods for research workers. Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh
Galton F (1885) Regression towards mediocrity in hereditary stature. J Anthropological Inst 15:246–263
Hannachi A, Jolliffe IT, Stephenson DB (2007) Empirical orthogonal functions and related techniques in atmospheric science: A review. I J Climatol 27:1119–1152CrossRef
Hunter JS (1988) The digidot plot. Am Statistician 42:54
Jolliffe IT (2002) Principal component analysis, 2nd edn. Springer, New York
Martinez WL, Martinez AR (2002) Computational statistics handbook with MATLAB. Chapman and Hall, Boca Raton
Pearson K (1895) Notes on regression and inheritance in the case of two parents. Proc R Soc London 58:240–242
Pearson K (1920) Notes on the history of correlation. Biometrika 13:25–45
Rodgers JL, Nicewander WA (1988) Thirten ways to look at the correlation coefficients. Am Statistician 42:59–66
Silverman BW (1986) Density estimation for statistics and data analysis. Chapman and Hall, London
Spence I, Garrison RF (1993) A remarkable scatterplot. Am Statistician 47:12–19
Stigler SM (1986) The History of Statistics: The Measurement of Uncertainty Before 1900. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA
Tukey JW (1977) Exploratory data analysis. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA
Venables WN, Ripley BD (1994) Modern applied statistics with S-plus. McGraw-Hill, New York
Walker GT (1909) Correlation in seasonal variation of climate. Mem Ind Met Dept 20:122
Walker GT (1923) Correlation in seasonal variation of weather, VIII, a preliminary study of world weather. Mem Ind Met Dept 24:75–131
Walker GT (1924) Correlation in seasonal variation of weather, IX. Mem Ind Met Dept 25:275–332
Walker GT, Bliss EW (1932) World weather V. Mem Roy Met Soc 4:53–84
Wegman E (1990) Hyperdimensional data analysis using parallel coordinates. J Am Stat Assoc 78:310–322
Metadata
Title
General Setting and Basic Terminology
Author
Abdelwaheb Hannachi
Copyright Year
2021
Book
Patterns Identification and Data Mining in Weather and Climate

Print ISBN: 978-3-030-67072-6

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-67073-3

Copyright Year: 2021

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67073-3_2

Premium Partner

    Image Credits