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2021 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

1. Geographical Diversity of Georgia and Perspectives of Planning of Geoparks (Geo Heritages)

Authors : Nodar Elizbarashvili, Zurab Laoshvili, Giorgi Dvalashvili, Rusudan Elizbarashvili

Published in: Global Geographical Heritage, Geoparks and Geotourism

Publisher: Springer Singapore

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Abstract

Georgia is in the middle of the area (70, 000 km2) almost 25 in the Europe. The formation of the country's territory counts for one billion years. All forms of relief are presented in Georgia, which is known worldwide. There are hundreds of natural monuments on the territory of Georgia that make a special impression on the visitors. It is also important that such monuments of nature are concentrated on a small area that increases their tourism and recreational purpose. With the diversity of nature, Georgia can be presented in the world geographical parks (geoparks) networks, and will further increase its tourist attraction. Georgia has not been presented in the world geographical parks (geoparks) networks, what is an interesting as Caucasus Office of Nature Protection World Fund, as state and local tourist organizations. The relevant nomination can be submitted by Elizbarashvili (2018): 1. Javakheti—volcanoes and Vardzia canyon is located in southern Georgia (Akhalkalaki administrative district). It is made of lavish streams flowing from the slopes of the Mordian direction. There are several volcanic cones on this ridge that create effective peaks. The western boundary of the Plateau passes through the Vardzia canyon (the administrative district of Aspinza), with an average depth of 500 m, and a length of 7 km. It is in the middle of the medieval city of Vardzia (13-storey cave building) and monastery complex, which is nominated for a UNESCO cultural heritage monument. Some volcanic lakes are presented under geopark, which present Ramsar Convention site and are in composition of protected territories of Javakheti. 2. ImeretiThe dinosaur footprint and the Imereti Cave Complex (including the Kutaisi city and Tskaltubo administrative districts) in central Georgia—There are over 200 unique footprints of dinosaurs, which are found in 1933 on the mercury limestone. The footprint is located at 500 m above the sea level, with subtropical humid conditions and the western exposition winds (slopes from the Black Sea). Nearby, there are several karst caves, geological, paleontological, zoological, and botanical monuments. The Tskaltubo Cave is one of the most remarkable places in Europe. 3. KheviGlacier (Kazbegi), Gudauri volcanic plateau and Dariali Gorge—The glacier is located on the central Caucasus in northern Georgia (Stepantsminda administrative district). Its height is 5033 m. The local population call it “Khevi bride". The glacier is a “dormant” volcano that lasted 6,000 years ago. Here the lavish deer runs in three—south, east, and north-east. One of the mythological and one historical (Gergeti Trinity) monument is the monument on the edge of the glacier. Mythology is connected to Amiran (the analog of Prometheus) attached to the Caucasus. According to the tradition, God Amiran right here climbed the cliff, and “on top of the snow-ice gear and the glacier of the glacier". At the foot of the glacier, Dariali canyonic gorge is represented in the rocks formed in the form of volcanoes developed over 300–400 million years ago, central Caucasus. Its length is 11 km, and the relative height is more than a thousand meters. There is also a volcanic plate of Gudauri, whose vertical slopes are formed by lava cooling (suspension).

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Literature
go back to reference Biological and Landscape diversity of Georgia (2000) TBilisi, WWF Caucasus office, pp. 275 Biological and Landscape diversity of Georgia (2000) TBilisi, WWF Caucasus office, pp. 275
go back to reference Elizbarashvili N, Meladze G, Meeseni H, Khoetsiani A, Koleri T (2018a) Stable development of mountinous teritorries. Manual for higher education students. – Tbilisi., Publishing house “Dani”, 304 p. (into Georgian, English and Armenian Languages) Elizbarashvili N, Meladze G, Meeseni H, Khoetsiani A, Koleri T (2018a) Stable development of mountinous teritorries. Manual for higher education students. – Tbilisi., Publishing house “Dani”, 304 p. (into Georgian, English and Armenian Languages)
go back to reference Elizbarashvili N, Meladze G, Elizbarashvili R (2018b) Ecological and landscape indicators of estimation of stable development. International conference: VIII International scientific-technical conference “The modern problems of water management, environmental protection, architecture and construction”materials. Tbilisi, GTU, pp 99–108 Elizbarashvili N, Meladze G, Elizbarashvili R (2018b) Ecological and landscape indicators of estimation of stable development. International conference: VIII International scientific-technical conference “The modern problems of water management, environmental protection, architecture and construction”materials. Tbilisi, GTU, pp 99–108
go back to reference Geography of Georgia – Tbilisi (2002), 367 p Geography of Georgia – Tbilisi (2002), 367 p
go back to reference WWF Caucasus (2018) Materials of final stakeholders meeting: revision of the ecoregion conservation plan for the Caucasus. Tbilisi, 215 p WWF Caucasus (2018) Materials of final stakeholders meeting: revision of the ecoregion conservation plan for the Caucasus. Tbilisi, 215 p
Metadata
Title
Geographical Diversity of Georgia and Perspectives of Planning of Geoparks (Geo Heritages)
Authors
Nodar Elizbarashvili
Zurab Laoshvili
Giorgi Dvalashvili
Rusudan Elizbarashvili
Copyright Year
2021
Publisher
Springer Singapore
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4956-4_1