15. Geology, Geomorphology and Evolution of the Landscapes of Cross River Region, South-Eastern Nigeria

The chapter delves into the geological and geomorphological landscape of the Cross River Region, South-Eastern Nigeria. It begins with an introduction to the region's heterogeneous geological composition, ranging from the Calabar Flank's lowlands to the rugged highlands of the Oban Massif and Obudu Plateau. The geological setting spans from the Precambrian to the Cretaceous-Cenozoic periods, with features indicative of adjoining geologic suites from the west and east. The chapter highlights the geology of basement igneous and metamorphic rocks, with a focus on the Oban Massif and Obudu Plateau, as well as the Cretaceous sedimentary rocks of the Calabar Flank. Major relief features such as the Obudu Plateau and the Oban Massif are described in detail, showcasing their unique geomorphic features and evolution. Additionally, the chapter discusses the impact of human activities on the region's landscape, particularly through rock quarrying. The Mfamosing karst formation is a notable focus, with its extensive karst features and unique topography. The chapter concludes by emphasizing the geodiversity and geomorphological expressions that make the Cross River Region a significant area of interest for visitors and researchers.