Geometric Tapestries: The Lattice Screen Enclosure of the Mohammad Ghaus Tomb at Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India

Indo-Islamic architecture emerged in the Indian subcontinent showcasing unparalleled craftsmanship through intricate carvings and decorations, artistic creativity by integrating Islamic and local styles, and applied mathematical precision in geometric patterns and structural layouts, marking its distinctive cultural synthesis. Akbar, the Mughal emperor, fostered Indo-Islamic architecture's golden age and gave rise to monumental structures personifying the opulence of Mughal architectural innovation. The tomb of Mohammad Ghaus in Gwalior built in 1563 under the reign of Akbar is a stunning example with its sophisticated details specifically on the lattice screen enclosure called ‘jaali’. The study focuses on a detailed analysis of the underpinned geometry that forms the foundation of the patterns integrated in the architectural narrative and visual coherence of the monument. Further highlighting the evolution and repetition of the geometric patterns to generate different compositions emphasizing mathematical precision. The research aims to explore the dual aspects of functional and decorative elements particularly highlighting the role of geometrical forms. The methodology consists of a detailed on-site examination of the lattice screen enclosure, documenting its geometric patterns and analyzing using principles of Islamic geometric design and architectural context. Additionally, a comparative analysis with similar architectural elements in Indo-Islamic monuments will be conducted to contextualize and further understand the significance of the geometric tapestry within the tomb of Mohammad Ghaus. The findings of the study show that these jaalis, carved from sandstone, display an intriguing arrangement of geometric patterns and floral motifs, creating an eloquent symphony for the enclosure. Geometry being one of the inherent elements of the Islamic iconography along with calligraphic and arabesque patterns enhances the visual and spatial quality of architecture and reflects a deep interconnection between art and the cosmos.