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2013 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

5. Grid Connected Systems for Access to Electricity: From Microgrid to Grid Extension

Authors : Godfrey Gladson Moshi, Alberto Berizzi, Christian Bovo

Published in: Renewable Energy for Unleashing Sustainable Development

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

All over the world, microgrids are becoming an important paradigm to supply electricity to many different categories of customers: in developed countries, where an electricity distribution grid is already in place, microgrids are seen as a way of migrating towards the so-called Smart Grids, able in particular to provide increased reliability to final users and to exploit as much as possible renewable primary sources for the electricity generation. In this framework, it is important that, in case of a significant perturbation of the main grid, the local microgrid can disconnect and continue the operation without any particular problem, so as to increase the reliability of the supply for its customers (top–bottom approach). On the contrary, in developing countries, microgrids are often the only way to provide electricity to small remote villages, as a connection to an external main grid is not available yet. In this case, the microgrid has to be operated in a standing-alone (off-grid) mode, but it should be designed in such way that, when eventually a main grid is built, the connection of the microgrid to the main grid will be possible (bottom–top approach). In this framework, it is possible to look step-by-step at the growth of the bulk (national) power system as to the aggregation of many small microgrids. The present chapter deals with the main technical issues related to the planning and the operation of microgrids, both in the presence and in the absence of an external main grid: balancing the load, control and protection systems, voltage and frequency control, normal and emergency operations and so on. The goal is to provide a simple and straightforward synthesis of what to take into account when decisions have to be made at a higher than technical level.

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previous chapter Distributed Generation for Access to Electricity: “Off-Main-Grid” Systems from Home-Based to Microgrid

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Title: Grid Connected Systems for Access to Electricity: From Microgrid to Grid Extension
Authors: Godfrey Gladson Moshi
Alberto Berizzi
Christian Bovo
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Book: Renewable Energy for Unleashing Sustainable Development
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-00283-5

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-00284-2

Copyright Year: 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00284-2_5

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