Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Events
Start single access now
Access for companies
Automotive Acoustics Conference 2025

Call for Papers - Deadline: 01/13/2025. 

We would like to invite you to submit your proposals for a presentation and join us as we explore new practices in sustainable noise control. We are looking forward to your insights on innovative, eco-friendly, and smart ways to shape the future of automotive acoustics.
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Published in:
Read chapter Read first chapter

2024 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

Heat Removal Efficiency Based Multi-node Model for Both Stratum Ventilation and Displacement Ventilation

Authors : Chao Huan, Lei Su, Sheng Zhang, Yong Cheng, Zhang Lin

Published in: Stratum Ventilation—Advanced Air Distribution for Low-Carbon and Healthy Buildings

Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The energy-saving effectiveness of stratum ventilation, as compared to mixing ventilation, is attributed to the non-uniform distribution of vertical air temperature. However, accurately predicting this distribution using a multi-node model presents challenges for engineers due to its dependency on complex airflow patterns and specific ventilation designs. To address this issue, this chapter proposes a practical approach known as the Heat Removal Efficiency (HRE) based multi-node model. By utilizing HRE to represent airflow patterns, this model offers simplicity and versatility, requiring minimal understanding of airflow dynamics. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed model, achieving higher accuracy and robustness compared to conventional models. It reduces the mean absolute error in temperature predictions for air nodes and enclosure surfaces of stratum ventilation by 0.1 °C and 0.08 °C, respectively. The improved convenience, generality, flexibility, accuracy, and robustness of the proposed model make it a practical solution for implementing energy-efficient stratum ventilation.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
previous chapter Design Guidelines for Stratum Ventilation
next chapter Equivalent Room Air Temperature-Based Cooling Load Estimation Method for Stratum Ventilation
Literature
1.
Cheng Y, Lin Z (2016) Experimental investigation into the interaction between the human body and room airflow and its effect on thermal comfort under stratum ventilation. Indoor Air 26(2):274–285CrossRef
2.
Tian L, Lin Z, Liu J, Yao T, Wang Q (2011) The impact of temperature on mean local air age and thermal comfort in a stratum ventilated office. Build Environ 46(2):501–510CrossRef
3.
Kosonen R, Lastovets N, Mustakallio P, da Graça GC, Mateus NM, Rosenqvist M (2016) The effect of typical buoyant flow elements and heat load combinations on room air temperature profile with displacement ventilation. Build Environ 108:207–219CrossRef
4.
Mundt E (1995) Displacement ventilation systems—convection flows and temperature gradients. Build Environ 30(1):129–133CrossRef
5.
Schiavon S, Webster T, Dickerhoff D, Bauman F (2014) Stratification prediction model for perimeter zone UFAD diffusers based on laboratory testing with solar simulator. Energy Build 82:786–794CrossRef
6.
Cheng Y, Yang B, Lin Z, Yang J, Jia J, Du Z (2018) Cooling load calculation methods in spaces with stratified air: a brief review and numerical investigation. Energy Build 165:47–55
7.
Cheng Y, Niu J, Gao N (2012) Stratified air distribution systems in a large lecture theatre: a numerical method to optimize thermal comfort and maximize energy saving. Energy Build 55:515–525CrossRef
8.
Griffith B, Chen Q (2004) Framework for coupling room air models to heat balance model load and energy calculations (RP-1222). HVAC R Res 10(2):91–111CrossRef
9.
Megri AC, Yu Y (2015) Study of residential underfloor air distribution (UFAD) systems using a new modelling approach. Indoor Built Environ 26(1):5–20CrossRef
10.
Zhang W, Hiyama K, Kato S, Ishida Y (2013) Building energy simulation considering spatial temperature distribution for nonuniform indoor environment. Build Environ 63:89–96CrossRef
11.
Zhang K, Zhang X, Li S, Jin X (2014) Review of underfloor air distribution technology. Energy Build 85:180–186CrossRef
12.
Huan C, Wang F, Wu X, Lin Z, Ma Z, Wang Z (2018) Development of a nodal model for predicting the vertical temperature profile in a stratum-ventilated room. Energy Build 159:99–108CrossRef
13.
Megri AC, Haghighat F (2007) Zonal modeling for simulating indoor environment of buildings: review, recent developments, and applications. HVAC and R Res 13(6):887–905CrossRef
14.
Wu X, Olesen BW, Fang L, Zhao J (2013) A nodal model to predict vertical temperature distribution in a room with floor heating and displacement ventilation. Build Environ 59:626–634CrossRef
15.
Chen Q, Glicksman L, Yuan X, Hu S, Hu Y, Yang X (1999) Performance evaluation and development of design guidelines for displacement ventilation. Final Report for ASHRAE RP949, Performance Evaluation and Development of Design Guidelines for Displacement Ventilation
16.
Abadie MO, de Camargo MM, Mendonça KC, Blondeau P (2012) Improving the prediction of zonal modeling for forced convection airflows in rooms. Build Environ 48(1):173–182CrossRef
17.
Cao SJ, Cen D, Zhang W, Feng Z (2017) Study on the impacts of human walking on indoor particles dispersion using momentum theory method. Build Environ 126:195–206CrossRef
18.
Mateus NM, Carrilho da Graça G (2015) A validated three-node model for displacement ventilation. Build Environ 84:50–59
19.
Mateus NM, Graça GCD (2015) Simplified modeling of displacement ventilation systems with chilled ceilings. Energy Build 108:44–54CrossRef
20.
Mateus NM, Carrilho da Graça G (2017) Simulated and measured performance of displacement ventilation systems in large rooms. Build Environ 114:470–482
21.
Huan C, Wang FH, Wu XZ, Lin Z, Wang ZH, Wang G (2015) A method to predict vertical temperature distribution in a stratum-ventilated environment. Hunan Daxue Xuebao/J Hunan Univ Nat Sci 42(5):134–140
22.
Cao G, Awbi H, Yao R, Fan Y, Sirén K, Kosonen R et al (2014) A review of the performance of different ventilation and airflow distribution systems in buildings. Build Environ 73:171–186CrossRef
23.
Etheridge D, Sandberg M (1996) Building ventilation: theory and measurement
24.
Zhang S, Cheng Y, Huan C, Lin Z (2018) Heat removal efficiency based multi-node model for both stratum ventilation and displacement ventilation. Build Environ 143:24–35CrossRef
25.
26.
Zhang S, Lin Z, Cheng Y (2017) Optimizing the set generating temperature to improve the designed performance of an ejector cooling system with thermal pumping effect (ECSTPE). Sol Energy 157:309–320CrossRef
27.
Li Y, Sandberg M, Fuchs L (1992) Vertical temperature profiles in rooms ventilated by displacement: full-scale measurement and nodal modelling. Indoor Air 2(4):225–243CrossRef
28.
Chen Q, Van Der Kooi J (1990) A methodology for indoor airflow computations and energy analysis for a displacement ventilation system. Energy Build 14(4):259–271CrossRef
29.
Tian W, Han X, Zuo W, Sohn MD (2018) Building energy simulation coupled with CFD for indoor environment: a critical review and recent applications. Energy Build 165:184–199CrossRef
30.
Zhang S, Cheng Y, Fang Z, Lin Z (2018) Dynamic control of room air temperature for stratum ventilation based on heat removal efficiency: method and experimental validations. Build Environ 140:107–118CrossRef
31.
Zhai Z, Chen Q, Haves P, Klems JH (2002) On approaches to couple energy simulation and computational fluid dynamics programs. Build Environ 37(8–9):857–864CrossRef
32.
Cheng Y, Lin Z (2015) Technical feasibility of a stratum-ventilated room for multiple rows of occupants. Build Environ 94:580–592CrossRef
33.
Cheng Y, Lin Z, Fong AML (2015) Effects of temperature and supply airflow rate on thermal comfort in a stratum-ventilated room. Build Environ 92:269–277CrossRef
34.
Li C, Hong T, Yan D (2014) An insight into actual energy use and its drivers in high-performance buildings. Appl Energy 131:394–410CrossRef
35.
Yu ZJ, Hu B, Sun Y, Li A, Li J, Zhang G (2017) Standby energy use and saving potentials associated with occupant behavior of Chinese rural homes. Energy Build 154:295–304CrossRef
36.
Fisher DE, Pedersen CO (1997) Convective heat transfer in building energy and thermal load calculations. ASHRAE Trans 103(pt 2):137–148
37.
Novoselac A, Burley BJ, Srebric J (2006) Development of new and validation of existing convection correlations for rooms with displacement ventilation systems. Energy and Buildings 38(3):163–173CrossRef
38.
Awbi HB, Hatton A (1999) Natural convection from heated room surfaces. Energy Build 30(3):233–244CrossRef
39.
Causone F, Corgnati SP, Filippi M, Olesen BW (2009) Experimental evaluation of heat transfer coefficients between radiant ceiling and room. Energy Build 41(6):622–628CrossRef
40.
Liesen RJ, Pedersen CO (1997) Evaluation of inside surface heat balance models for cooling load calculations. ASHRAE Trans
41.
Olesen BW, Bonnefoi F, Michel E, De Carli M (2000) Heat exchange coefficient between floor surface and space by floor cooling-theory or a question of definition, pp 684–694
42.
Gao J (2007) Research of the theory of thermal stratification in buildings and its applications, pp 139–142
43.
Fang Z, Zhang S, Cheng Y, Fong AML, Oladokun MO, Lin Z et al (2018) Field study on adaptive thermal comfort in typical air conditioned classrooms. Build Environ 133:73–82CrossRef
44.
Huan C, Wang FH, Lin Z, Wu XZ, Ma ZJ, Wang ZH et al (2016) An experimental investigation into stratum ventilation for the cooling of an office with asymmetrically distributed heat gains. Build Environ 110:76–88CrossRef
45.
Willmott CJ, Matsuura K (2005) Advantages of the mean absolute error (MAE) over the root mean square error (RMSE) in assessing average model performance. Climate Res 30(1):79–82CrossRef
46.
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2020 (2020) Thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Airconditioning Engineers, Inc., Atlanta, USA
47.
Cheng Y, Fong ML, Yao T, Lin Z, Fong KF (2014) Uniformity of stratum-ventilated thermal environment and thermal sensation. Indoor Air 24(5):521–532CrossRef
48.
Zhang S, Cheng Y, Fang Z, Huan C, Lin Z (2017) Optimization of room air temperature in stratum-ventilated rooms for both thermal comfort and energy saving. Appl Energy 204:420–431CrossRef
49.
Causone F, Baldin F, Olesen BW, Corgnati SP (2010) Floor heating and cooling combined with displacement ventilation: possibilities and limitations. Energy Build 42(12):2338–2352CrossRef
50.
Toftum J, Langkilde G, Fanger PO (2004) New indoor environment chambers and field experiment offices for research on human comfort, health and productivity at moderate energy expenditure. Energy Build 36(9):899–903CrossRef
51.
Xing H, Awbi HB (2002) Measurement and calculation of the neutral height in a room with displacement ventilation. Build Environ 37(10):961–967CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Heat Removal Efficiency Based Multi-node Model for Both Stratum Ventilation and Displacement Ventilation
Authors
Chao Huan
Lei Su
Sheng Zhang
Yong Cheng
Zhang Lin
Copyright Year
2024
Publisher
Springer Nature Singapore
Book
Stratum Ventilation—Advanced Air Distribution for Low-Carbon and Healthy Buildings

Print ISBN: 978-981-9768-54-7

Electronic ISBN: 978-981-9768-55-4

Copyright Year: 2024

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-6855-4_10