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Environmental Earth Sciences

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01-05-2024 | Original Article

Heavy metal pollution and health risk assessment using deterministic and Monte Carlo simulation approaches in the Himalayan spring and surface water systems of Kulgam District, Kashmir valley, India

Authors: Fahim Un Nisa, Rashid Umar

Published in: Environmental Earth Sciences | Issue 9/2024

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Abstract

It is indispensable to examine heavy metals in water resources due to their incorporation in the food chain, hence the possibility of harmful impact on human health. In this study, degree of heavy metal contamination is investigated in the Himalayan surface and spring water systems of the Kulgam district, India. This study examines 16 heavy metals which include V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Rb, Sr, Zr, Mo, Ba, and Pb. Among the analyzed parameters, Pb (100%, n = 30) and Fe (13.3%, n = 4) in springs was found above the desirable limits of drinking water. The heavy metal pollution index (HPI) results demonstrated that both the surface and spring water resources are at high-risk zone with HPI > 100. Based on the degree of contamination (C_d), surface and spring water system falls in the medium and high-risk zones. The results of health risk evaluation based on deterministic and Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) showed hazard index (HI) > 1 and the probability of total cancer risk (TCR) for adults and children in both the water systems was found above the U.S Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) threshold value of 1.0E-04. Principal component analysis (PCA) estimated origin of heavy metals, and results showed that natural geogenic processes such as rock–water interaction or mineral dissolution and anthropogenic activities are responsible for heavy metal concentration in the surface and spring water systems.

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Title: Heavy metal pollution and health risk assessment using deterministic and Monte Carlo simulation approaches in the Himalayan spring and surface water systems of Kulgam District, Kashmir valley, India
Authors: Fahim Un Nisa
Rashid Umar
Publication date: 01-05-2024
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: Environmental Earth Sciences / Issue 9/2024
Print ISSN: 1866-6280
Electronic ISSN: 1866-6299
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-024-11575-5

Spatial design of groundwater quality monitoring network using multicriteria analysis based on pollution risk map

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The influence mechanism of soil pore structure on spatial variability of soil water and nutrients in the mining-induced subsidence area of China northwest

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Environmental impacts due to the behavior of limnological variables in water reservoirs of hydroelectric power plants

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Multi-scale analysis of mudstone freeze–thaw damage mechanism

Original Article

Estimating streamflow by an innovative rating curve model based on hydraulic parameters

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Study on influencing factors and mechanism of land subsidence in delta resource exploitation area of Shengli oilfield

Original Article

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Heavy metal pollution and health risk assessment using deterministic and Monte Carlo simulation approaches in the Himalayan spring and surface water systems of Kulgam District, Kashmir valley, India

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Other articles of this Issue 9/2024

Spatial design of groundwater quality monitoring network using multicriteria analysis based on pollution risk map

The influence mechanism of soil pore structure on spatial variability of soil water and nutrients in the mining-induced subsidence area of China northwest

Environmental impacts due to the behavior of limnological variables in water reservoirs of hydroelectric power plants

Multi-scale analysis of mudstone freeze–thaw damage mechanism

Estimating streamflow by an innovative rating curve model based on hydraulic parameters

Study on influencing factors and mechanism of land subsidence in delta resource exploitation area of Shengli oilfield

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Springer Professional

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Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

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Spatial design of groundwater quality monitoring network using multicriteria analysis based on pollution risk map

The influence mechanism of soil pore structure on spatial variability of soil water and nutrients in the mining-induced subsidence area of China northwest

Environmental impacts due to the behavior of limnological variables in water reservoirs of hydroelectric power plants

Multi-scale analysis of mudstone freeze–thaw damage mechanism

Estimating streamflow by an innovative rating curve model based on hydraulic parameters

Study on influencing factors and mechanism of land subsidence in delta resource exploitation area of Shengli oilfield