Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Published in:
Emergence of Nanowires Read chapter Read first chapter

2016 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

4. Hierarchical Organization in Two and Three Dimensions

Authors : Anqi Zhang, Gengfeng Zheng, Charles M. Lieber

Published in: Nanowires

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The rationally designed and synthesized semiconductor NWs offer as a platform material with the potential to realize unprecedented structural and functional complexity as building blocks. To utilize these building blocks for nanoscale devices through integrated systems, for example in electronics and photonics, requires controlled and scalable assembly of NWs on either rigid or flexible substrates. In this chapter, we will summarize recent advances in large-scale NW assembly and hierarchical organization with two general approaches. First, organization of pre-grown NWs onto target substrates in one or more independent steps, where distinct NW building blocks can be used in each assembly step, and second, the direct growth of aligned NWs on substrates will be discussed.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
previous chapter Structure-Controlled Synthesis
next chapter Nanoelectronics, Circuits and Nanoprocessors
Literature
1.
Y.-Z. Long, M. Yu, B. Sun, C.-Z. Gu, Z. Fan, Recent advances in large-scale assembly of semiconducting inorganic nanowires and nanofibers for electronics, sensors and photovoltaics. Chem. Soc. Rev. 41(12), 4560–4580 (2012)CrossRef
2.
X. Liu, Y.-Z. Long, L. Liao, X. Duan, Z. Fan, Large-scale integration of semiconductor nanowires for high-performance flexible electronics. ACS Nano 6(3), 1888–1900 (2012)CrossRef
3.
J.-W. Liu, H.-W. Liang, S.-H. Yu, Macroscopic-scale assembled nanowire thin films and their functionalities. Chem. Rev. 112(8), 4770–4799 (2012)CrossRef
4.
B. Su, Y. Wu, L. Jiang, The art of aligning one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures. Chem. Soc. Rev. 41(23), 7832–7856 (2012)CrossRef
5.
M.C. Wang, B.D. Gates, Directed assembly of nanowires. Mater. Today 12(5), 34–43 (2009)CrossRef
6.
M. Kwiat, S. Cohen, A. Pevzner, F. Patolsky, Large-scale ordered 1D-nanomaterials arrays: assembly or not? Nano Today 8, 677–694 (2013)CrossRef
7.
H.A. Stone, A.D. Stroock, A. Ajdari, Engineering flows in small devices: microfluidics toward a lab-on-a-chip. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 36, 381–411 (2004)ADSCrossRefMATH
8.
G.M. Whitesides, The origins and the future of microfluidics. Nature 442(7101), 368–373 (2006)ADSCrossRef
9.
B. Messer, J.H. Song, P. Yang, Microchannel networks for nanowire patterning. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122(41), 10232–10233 (2000)CrossRef
10.
Y. Huang, X. Duan, Q. Wei, C.M. Lieber, Directed assembly of one-dimensional nanostructures into functional networks. Science 291(5504), 630–633 (2001)ADSCrossRef
11.
Y. Huang, C.M. Lieber, Integrated nanoscale electronics and optoelectronics: exploring nanoscale science and technology through semiconductor nanowires. Pure Appl. Chem. 76(12), 2051–2068 (2004)CrossRef
12.
S. Yan, L. Lu, H. Meng, N. Huang, Z. Xiao, Scalable alignment and transfer of nanowires based on oriented polymer nanofibers. Nanotechnology 21(9), 095303 (2010)ADSCrossRef
13.
W.-Z. Li, W. Wei, J.-Y. Chen, J.-X. He, S.-N. Xue, J. Zhang, X. Liu, X. Li, Y. Fu, Y.-H. Jiao, Stirring-assisted assembly of nanowires at liquid–solid interfaces. Nanotechnology 24(10), 105302 (2013)ADSCrossRef
14.
X. Zhou, Y. Zhou, J.C. Ku, C. Zhang, C.A. Mirkin, Capillary force-driven, large-area alignment of multi-segmented nanowires. ACS Nano 8(2), 1511–1516 (2014)CrossRef
15.
C. Yan, T. Zhang, P.S. Lee, Flow assisted synthesis of highly ordered silica nanowire arrays. Appl. Phys. A 94(4), 763–766 (2009)ADSCrossRef
16.
F. Patolsky, G. Zheng, C.M. Lieber, Fabrication of silicon nanowire devices for ultrasensitive, label-free, real-time detection of biological and chemical species. Nat. Protoc. 1(4), 1711–1724 (2006)CrossRef
17.
G. Roberts, Langmuir-Blodgett Films (Springer Science & Business Media, New York, 1990)CrossRef
18.
P. Yang, F. Kim, Langmuir-Blodgett assembly of one-dimensional nanostructures. ChemPhysChem 3(6), 503–506 (2002)CrossRef
19.
A.R. Tao, J. Huang, P. Yang, Langmuir-Blodgettry of nanocrystals and nanowires. Acc. Chem. Res. 41(12), 1662–1673 (2008)CrossRef
20.
D. Whang, S. Jin, C.M. Lieber, Large-scale hierarchical organization of nanowires for functional nanosystems. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43(7S), 4465 (2004)ADSCrossRef
21.
F. Kim, S. Kwan, J. Akana, P. Yang, Langmuir-Blodgett nanorod assembly. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123(18), 4360–4361 (2001)CrossRef
22.
S. Kwan, F. Kim, J. Akana, P. Yang, Synthesis and assembly of BaWO4 nanorods. Chem. Commun. 5, 447–448 (2001)CrossRef
23.
A. Tao, F. Kim, C. Hess, J. Goldberger, R. He, Y. Sun, Y. Xia, P. Yang, Langmuir-Blodgett silver nanowire monolayers for molecular sensing using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Nano Lett. 3(9), 1229–1233 (2003)ADSCrossRef
24.
D. Whang, S. Jin, Y. Wu, C.M. Lieber, Large-scale hierarchical organization of nanowire arrays for integrated nanosystems. Nano Lett. 3(9), 1255–1259 (2003)ADSCrossRef
25.
S. Acharya, A.B. Panda, N. Belman, S. Efrima, Y. Golan, A semiconductor-nanowire assembly of ultrahigh junction density by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. Adv. Mater. 18(2), 210–213 (2006)CrossRef
26.
J. Park, G. Shin, J.S. Ha, Controlling orientation of V2O5 nanowires within micropatterns via microcontact printing combined with the gluing Langmuir-Blodgett technique. Nanotechnology 19(39), 395303 (2008)CrossRef
27.
J.-W. Liu, J.-H. Zhu, C.-L. Zhang, H.-W. Liang, S.-H. Yu, Mesostructured assemblies of ultrathin superlong tellurium nanowires and their photoconductivity. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132(26), 8945–8952 (2010)CrossRef
28.
D. Whang, S. Jin, C.M. Lieber, Nanolithography using hierarchically assembled nanowire masks. Nano Lett. 3(7), 951–954 (2003)ADSCrossRef
29.
S. Jin, D. Whang, M.C. McAlpine, R.S. Friedman, Y. Wu, C.M. Lieber, Scalable interconnection and integration of nanowire devices without registration. Nano Lett. 4(5), 915–919 (2004)ADSCrossRef
30.
G. Yu, A. Cao, C.M. Lieber, Large-area blown bubble films of aligned nanowires and carbon nanotubes. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2(6), 372–377 (2007)ADSCrossRef
31.
G. Yu, X. Li, C.M. Lieber, A. Cao, Nanomaterial-incorporated blown bubble films for large-area, aligned nanostructures. J. Mater. Chem. 18(7), 728–734 (2008)CrossRef
32.
S. Myung, M. Lee, G.T. Kim, J.S. Ha, S. Hong, Large-scale “surface-programmed assembly” of pristine vanadium oxide nanowire-based devices. Adv. Mater. 17(19), 2361–2364 (2005)CrossRef
33.
J. Kang, S. Myung, B. Kim, D. Oh, G.T. Kim, S. Hong, Massive assembly of ZnO nanowire-based integrated devices. Nanotechnology 19(9), 095303 (2008)ADSCrossRef
34.
M. Lee, J. Im, B. Lee, S. Myung, J. Kang, L. Huang, Y.-K. Kwon, S. Hong, Linker-free directed assembly of high-performance integrated devices based on nanotubes and nanowires. Nat. Nanotechnol. 1(1), 66–71 (2006)ADSCrossRef
35.
A.K. Salem, J. Chao, K.W. Leong, P.C. Searson, Receptor-mediated self-assembly of multi-component magnetic nanowires. Adv. Mater. 16(3), 268–271 (2004)CrossRef
36.
M. Chen, P.C. Searson, The dynamics of nanowire self-assembly. Adv. Mater. 17(22), 2765–2768 (2005)CrossRef
37.
J. Lee, A.A. Wang, Y. Rheem, B. Yoo, A. Mulchandani, W. Chen, N.V. Myung, DNA assisted assembly of multisegmented nanowires. Electroanalsis 19(22), 2287–2293 (2007)CrossRef
38.
H.-Y. Shi, B. Hu, X.-C. Yu, R.-L. Zhao, X.-F. Ren, S.-L. Liu, J.-W. Liu, M. Feng, A.-W. Xu, S.-H. Yu, Ordering of disordered nanowires: spontaneous formation of highly aligned, ultralong Ag nanowire films at oil–water–air interface. Adv. Funct. Mater. 20(6), 958–964 (2010)CrossRef
39.
J.-W. Liu, S.-Y. Zhang, H. Qi, W.-C. Wen, S.-H. Yu, A general strategy for self-assembly of nanosized building blocks on liquid/liquid interfaces. Small 8(15), 2412–2420 (2012)ADSCrossRef
40.
P.A. Smith, C.D. Nordquist, T.N. Jackson, T.S. Mayer, B.R. Martin, J. Mbindyo, T.E. Mallouk, Electric-field assisted assembly and alignment of metallic nanowires. Appl. Phys. Lett. 77(9), 1399–1401 (2000)ADSCrossRef
41.
X. Duan, Y. Huang, Y. Cui, J. Wang, C.M. Lieber, Indium phosphide nanowires as building blocks for nanoscale electronic and optoelectronic devices. Nature 409(6816), 66–69 (2001)ADSCrossRef
42.
E.M. Freer, O. Grachev, X. Duan, S. Martin, D.P. Stumbo, High-yield self-limiting single-nanowire assembly with dielectrophoresis. Nat. Nanotechnol. 5(7), 525–530 (2010)ADSCrossRef
43.
B.D. Gates, Self-assembly: nanowires find their place. Nat. Nanotechnol. 5(7), 484–485 (2010)ADSCrossRef
44.
M. Li, R.B. Bhiladvala, T.J. Morrow, J.A. Sioss, K.-K. Lew, J.M. Redwing, C.D. Keating, T.S. Mayer, Bottom-up assembly of large-area nanowire resonator arrays. Nat. Nanotechnol. 3(2), 88–92 (2008)ADSCrossRef
45.
M. Tanase, L.A. Bauer, A. Hultgren, D.M. Silevitch, L. Sun, D.H. Reich, P.C. Searson, G.J. Meyer, Magnetic alignment of fluorescent nanowires. Nano Lett. 1(3), 155–158 (2001)ADSCrossRef
46.
C.M. Hangarter, Y. Rheem, B. Yoo, E.-H. Yang, N.V. Myung, Hierarchical magnetic assembly of nanowires. Nanotechnology 18(20), 205305 (2007)ADSCrossRef
47.
M. Liu, J. Lagdani, H. Imrane, C. Pettiford, J. Lou, S. Yoon, V.G. Harris, C. Vittoria, N.X. Sun, Self-assembled magnetic nanowire arrays. Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(10), 103105 (2007)ADSCrossRef
48.
C.M. Hangarter, N.V. Myung, Magnetic alignment of nanowires. Chem. Mat. 17(6), 1320–1324 (2005)CrossRef
49.
S.-W. Lee, M.-C. Jeong, J.-M. Myoung, G.-S. Chae, I.-J. Chung, Magnetic alignment of ZnO nanowires for optoelectronic device applications. Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(13), 133115 (2007)ADSCrossRef
50.
M.A. Bangar, C.M. Hangarter, B. Yoo, Y. Rheem, W. Chen, A. Mulchandani, N.V. Myung, Magnetically assembled multisegmented nanowires and their applications. Electroanal. 21(1), 61–67 (2009)CrossRef
51.
Y. Sun, J.A. Rogers, Fabricating semiconductor nano/microwires and transfer printing ordered arrays of them onto plastic substrates. Nano Lett. 4(10), 1953–1959 (2004)ADSCrossRef
52.
Y. Sun, S. Kim, I. Adesida, J.A. Rogers, Bendable GaAs metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors formed with printed GaAs wire arrays on plastic substrates. Appl. Phys. Lett. 87(8), 083501 (2005)ADSCrossRef
53.
J.-H. Ahn, H.-S. Kim, K.J. Lee, S. Jeon, S.J. Kang, Y. Sun, R.G. Nuzzo, J.A. Rogers, Heterogeneous three-dimensional electronics by use of printed semiconductor nanomaterials. Science 314(5806), 1754–1757 (2006)ADSCrossRef
54.
Y. Huang, X. Duan, Y. Cui, L.J. Lauhon, K.-H. Kim, C.M. Lieber, Logic gates and computation from assembled nanowire building blocks. Science 294(5545), 1313–1317 (2001)ADSCrossRef
55.
Y. Cui, C.M. Lieber, Functional nanoscale electronic devices assembled using silicon nanowire building blocks. Science 291(5505), 851–853 (2001)ADSCrossRef
56.
Y. Huang, X. Duan, Y. Cui, C.M. Lieber, Gallium nitride nanowire nanodevices. Nano Lett. 2(2), 101–104 (2002)ADSCrossRef
57.
M.C. McAlpine, H. Ahmad, D. Wang, J.R. Heath, Highly ordered nanowire arrays on plastic substrates for ultrasensitive flexible chemical sensors. Nat. Mater. 6(5), 379–384 (2007)ADSCrossRef
58.
C.H. Lee, D.R. Kim, X. Zheng, Fabricating nanowire devices on diverse substrates by simple transfer-printing methods. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107(22), 9950–9955 (2010)ADSCrossRef
59.
A. Javey, S. Nam, R.S. Friedman, H. Yan, C.M. Lieber, Layer-by-layer assembly of nanowires for three-dimensional, multifunctional electronics. Nano Lett. 7(3), 773–777 (2007)ADSCrossRef
60.
Z. Fan, J.C. Ho, Z.A. Jacobson, R. Yerushalmi, R.L. Alley, H. Razavi, A. Javey, Wafer-scale assembly of highly ordered semiconductor nanowire arrays by contact printing. Nano Lett. 8(1), 20–25 (2008)ADSCrossRef
61.
T. Takahashi, K. Takei, J.C. Ho, Y.-L. Chueh, Z. Fan, A. Javey, Monolayer resist for patterned contact printing of aligned nanowire arrays. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131(6), 2102–2103 (2009)CrossRef
62.
G. Zhu, R. Yang, S. Wang, Z.L. Wang, Flexible high-output nanogenerator based on lateral ZnO nanowire array. Nano Lett. 10(8), 3151–3155 (2010)ADSMathSciNetCrossRef
63.
R. Yerushalmi, Z.A. Jacobson, J.C. Ho, Z. Fan, A. Javey, Large scale, highly ordered assembly of nanowire parallel arrays by differential roll printing. Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(20), 203104 (2007)ADSCrossRef
64.
Z. Fan, J.C. Ho, T. Takahashi, R. Yerushalmi, K. Takei, A.C. Ford, Y.L. Chueh, A. Javey, Toward the development of printable nanowire electronics and sensors. Adv. Mater. 21(37), 3730–3743 (2009)CrossRef
65.
Y.-K. Chang, F.C.-N. Hong, The fabrication of ZnO nanowire field-effect transistors by roll-transfer printing. Nanotechnology 20(19), 195302 (2009)ADSCrossRef
66.
J. Yao, H. Yan, C.M. Lieber, A nanoscale combing technique for the large-scale assembly of highly aligned nanowires. Nat. Nanotechnol. 8(5), 329–335 (2013)ADSCrossRef
67.
A. Pevzner, Y. Engel, R. Elnathan, T. Ducobni, M. Ben-Ishai, K. Reddy, N. Shpaisman, A. Tsukernik, M. Oksman, F. Patolsky, Knocking down highly-ordered large-scale nanowire arrays. Nano Lett. 10(4), 1202–1208 (2010)ADSCrossRef
68.
H. Song, M.H. Lee, Combing non-epitaxially grown nanowires for large-area electronic devices. Nanotechnology 24(28), 285302 (2013)CrossRef
69.
F. Xu, J.W. Durham III, B.J. Wiley, Y. Zhu, Strain-release assembly of nanowires on stretchable substrates. ACS Nano 5(2), 1556–1563 (2011)CrossRef
70.
Y. Li, Y. Wu, Coassembly of graphene oxide and nanowires for large-area nanowire alignment. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131(16), 5851–5857 (2009)CrossRef
71.
W. Yang, L. Qu, R. Zheng, Z. Liu, K.R. Ratinac, L. Shen, D. Yu, L. Yang, C. J. Barrow, S., P. Ringer, Self-assembly of gold nanowires along carbon nanotubes for ultrahigh-aspect-ratio hybrids. Chem. Mat. 23(11), 2760–2765 (2011)
72.
H.J. Fan, P. Werner, M. Zacharias, Semiconductor nanowires: from self-organization to patterned growth. Small 2(6), 700–717 (2006)CrossRef
73.
E.C. Greyson, Y. Babayan, T.W. Odom, Directed growth of ordered arrays of small-diameter ZnO nanowires. Adv. Mater. 16(15), 1348–1352 (2004)CrossRef
74.
B.M. Kayes, M.A. Filler, M.C. Putnam, M.D. Kelzenberg, N.S. Lewis, H.A. Atwater, Growth of vertically aligned Si wire arrays over large areas (>1 cm2) with Au and Cu catalysts. Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(10), 103110 (2007)ADSCrossRef
75.
H.T. Ng, J. Han, T. Yamada, P. Nguyen, Y.P. Chen, M. Meyyappan, Single crystal nanowire vertical surround-gate field-effect transistor. Nano Lett. 4(7), 1247–1252 (2004)ADSCrossRef
76.
T. Mårtensson, M. Borgström, W. Seifert, B. Ohlsson, L. Samuelson, Fabrication of individually seeded nanowire arrays by vapour–liquid–solid growth. Nanotechnology 14(12), 1255 (2003)ADSCrossRef
77.
L.E. Jensen, M.T. Björk, S. Jeppesen, A.I. Persson, B.J. Ohlsson, L. Samuelson, Role of surface diffusion in chemical beam epitaxy of InAs nanowires. Nano Lett. 4(10), 1961–1964 (2004)ADSCrossRef
78.
A. Persson, L. Fröberg, L. Samuelson, H. Linke, The fabrication of dense and uniform InAs nanowire arrays. Nanotechnology 20(22), 225304 (2009)ADSCrossRef
79.
A. Kosiorek, W. Kandulski, P. Chudzinski, K. Kempa, M. Giersig, Shadow nanosphere lithography: simulation and experiment. Nano Lett. 4(7), 1359–1363 (2004)ADSCrossRef
80.
H.J. Fan, B. Fuhrmann, R. Scholz, F. Syrowatka, A. Dadgar, A. Krost, M. Zacharias, Well-ordered ZnO nanowire arrays on GaN substrate fabricated via nanosphere lithography. J. Cryst. Growth 287(1), 34–38 (2006)ADSCrossRef
81.
X. Wang, C.J. Summers, Z.L. Wang, Large-scale hexagonal-patterned growth of aligned ZnO nanorods for nano-optoelectronics and nanosensor arrays. Nano Lett. 4(3), 423–426 (2004)ADSCrossRef
82.
B. Fuhrmann, H.S. Leipner, H.-R. Hoeche, L. Schubert, P. Werner, U. Gösele, Ordered arrays of silicon nanowires produced by nanosphere lithography and molecular beam epitaxy. Nano Lett. 5(12), 2524–2527 (2005)ADSCrossRef
83.
D. Liu, Y. Xiang, Q. Liao, J. Zhang, X. Wu, Z. Zhang, L. Liu, W. Ma, J. Shen, W. Zhou, A simple route to scalable fabrication of perfectly ordered ZnO nanorod arrays. Nanotechnology 18(40), 405303 (2007)CrossRef
84.
J. Rybczynski, D. Banerjee, A. Kosiorek, M. Giersig, Z. Ren, Formation of super arrays of periodic nanoparticles and aligned ZnO nanorods-simulation and experiments. Nano Lett. 4(10), 2037–2040 (2004)ADSCrossRef
85.
L. Li, T.Y. Zhai, H.B. Zeng, X.S. Fang, Y. Bando, D. Golberg, Polystyrene sphere-assisted one-dimensional nanostructure arrays: synthesis and applications. J. Mater. Chem. 21(1), 40–56 (2011)CrossRef
86.
Y. Song, Controlled fabrication of noble metal nanomaterials via nanosphere lithography and their optical properties. In ed. by B. Cui, Recent Advances in Nanofabrication Techniques and Applications, InTech: Croatia (2011)
87.
A. Kosiorek, W. Kandulski, H. Glaczynska, M. Giersig, Fabrication of nanoscale rings, dots, and rods by combining shadow nanosphere lithography and annealed polystyrene nanosphere masks. Small 1(4), 439–444 (2005)CrossRef
88.
A. Valsesia, T. Meziani, F. Bretagnol, P. Colpo, G. Ceccone, F. Rossi, Plasma assisted production of chemical nano-patterns by nano-sphere lithography: application to bio-interfaces. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 40(8), 2341 (2007)ADSCrossRef
89.
Z. Wu, X. Mei, D. Kim, M. Blumin, H. Ruda, Growth of Au-catalyzed ordered GaAs nanowire arrays by molecular-beam epitaxy. Appl. Phys. Lett. 81(27), 5177–5179 (2002)ADSCrossRef
90.
H. Chik, J. Liang, S. Cloutier, N. Kouklin, J. Xu, Periodic array of uniform ZnO nanorods by second-order self-assembly. Appl. Phys. Lett. 84(17), 3376–3378 (2004)ADSCrossRef
91.
H.J. Fan, W. Lee, R. Scholz, A. Dadgar, A. Krost, K. Nielsch, M. Zacharias, Arrays of vertically aligned and hexagonally arranged ZnO nanowires: a new template-directed approach. Nanotechnology 16(6), 913 (2005)ADSCrossRef
92.
S.Y. Chou, P.R. Krauss, P.J. Renstrom, Imprint lithography with 25-nanometer resolution. Science 272(5258), 85–87 (1996)ADSCrossRef
93.
S.Y. Chou, Nanoimprint lithography and lithographically induced self-assembly. MRS Bull. 26(7), 512–517 (2001)CrossRef
94.
A.I. Hochbaum, R. Fan, R. He, P. Yang, Controlled growth of Si nanowire arrays for device integration. Nano Lett. 5(3), 457–460 (2005)ADSCrossRef
95.
T. Mårtensson, P. Carlberg, M. Borgström, L. Montelius, W. Seifert, L. Samuelson, Nanowire arrays defined by nanoimprint lithography. Nano Lett. 4(4), 699–702 (2004)ADSCrossRef
96.
B. Nikoobakht, C.A. Michaels, S.J. Stranick, M.D. Vaudin, Horizontal growth and in situ assembly of oriented zinc oxide nanowires. Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(15), 3244–3246 (2004)ADSCrossRef
97.
D. Tsivion, M. Schvartzman, R. Popovitz-Biro, P. von Huth, E. Joselevich, Guided growth of millimeter-long horizontal nanowires with controlled orientations. Science 333(6045), 1003–1007 (2011)ADSCrossRef
98.
D. Tsivion, M. Schvartzman, R. Popovitz-Biro, E. Joselevich, Guided growth of horizontal ZnO nanowires with controlled orientations on flat and faceted sapphire surfaces. ACS Nano 6(7), 6433–6445 (2012)CrossRef
99.
D. Tsivion, E. Joselevich, Guided growth of epitaxially coherent GaN nanowires on SiC. Nano Lett. 13(11), 5491–5496 (2013)ADSCrossRef
100.
M. Schvartzman, D. Tsivion, D. Mahalu, O. Raslin, E. Joselevich, Self-integration of nanowires into circuits via guided growth. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 110(38), 15195–15200 (2013)ADSCrossRef
101.
Y. Sun, H. Cui, C. Wang, Step-edge induced ordered growth: targeting to assemble super long horizontal nanowire alignment in large-scale. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 15(28), 11808–11813 (2013)CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Hierarchical Organization in Two and Three Dimensions
Authors
Anqi Zhang
Gengfeng Zheng
Charles M. Lieber
Copyright Year
2016
Book
Nanowires

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-41979-4

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-41981-7

Copyright Year: 2016

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41981-7_4

Premium Partners

    Image Credits