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2024 | Book

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High-Speed Maglev Train’s Levitation and Guidance Control

The Key Technologies

Authors: Zhiqiang Long, Zhiqiang Wang, Mingda Zhai, Xiaolong Li

Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore

Book Series : Advances in High-speed Rail Technology

Part of: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

Table of Contents
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About this book

This book highlights the system modeling, control, diagnosis and fault-tolerant design of the suspension, and guidance system of the high-speed maglev train based on electromagnetic suspension technology. The electromagnetic suspension technology has been widely used in real-life engineering, including maglev trains, magnetic bearings, magnetic levitation vibration isolators, magnetic suspension and balance systems for wind tunnels, etc.

Based on the academic researches, engineering applications, and technical innovations of high-speed maglev trains carried out by the maglev team of the National University of Defense Technology, this book summarizes the technical achievements in the field of levitation and guidance control technology of high-speed maglev train.

It analyzes the research status and challenges of the suspension control technology of the electromagnetic suspension maglev train. The suspension, guidance system modeling, and controller design of the high-speed maglev train are described in detail. The performance index and performance evaluation method of the levitation and guidance system under various working conditions are analyzed respectively. A suspension scheme of permanent magnet electromagnetic hybrid suspension high-speed maglev train is proposed, and the results of the vehicle test are given in order to further improve the suspension energy consumption and heating of electromagnetic suspension high-speed maglev train. The suspension and guidance fault diagnosis and tolerant control methods of the high-speed maglev train are studied to improve the system's safety and reliability. The research and application results of suspension control technology of electromagnetic suspension maglev train are fully displayed for readers.

This book is intended for researchers, scientists, engineers, and graduate students involved in the rail transit industry, train control and diagnosis, and maglev technology.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
Maglev trains use maglev technology to achieve support and guidance between vehicle and track, and realize propulsion and electric braking through linear motors. Its application scenarios include the urban maglev transit, the medium-speed maglev transit, the high-speed maglev transit, and the ultra-high-speed low vacuum tube maglev transit. This chapter gives the definition of maglev trains, classifies maglev trains from the perspective of levitation principle and propulsion principle, and describes the electromagnetic suspension (EMS)-type system, the electrodynamic suspension (EDS)-type system and the high-temperature superconducting (HTS) flux-pinning maglev system in detail. What’s more, this chapter reviews the development history and technical evolution of maglev train technology in terms of structure schemes for levitation systems, and introduces the three technological stages of the rigid body vehicle scheme, the magnetic wheel structure scheme and the modular structure scheme that the EMS-type maglev train has gone through. Finally, this chapter discusses the research and application results of high-speed maglev based on the relevant technology researches in Germany, Japan, and China.
Zhiqiang Long, Zhiqiang Wang, Mingda Zhai, Xiaolong Li
Chapter 2. Technology Analysis of EMS High-Speed Maglev System
Abstract
The EMS-type high-speed maglev system consists of four major components, including maglev line, vehicle system, propulsion and power supply system, and operation control system. The maglev line is one of the main components of the maglev train that utilizes electromagnetic force to achieve support and guidance functions. The vehicle system is a complex system that includes several subsystems, including the vehicle body, maglev bogie, levitation and guidance, power supply, operation control and fault diagnosis, safety brake, and positioning speed measurement. Among them, the levitation and guidance system provide the levitation and guidance functions for the maglev train to achieve its safe and reliable operation. Taking the EMS-type high-speed maglev system as the object, this chapter analyzes the basic components of maglev line, vehicle system, propulsion and power supply system, and operation control system in the high-speed maglev transit system; gives the basic structure of the high-speed maglev vehicle system, analyzes the functional characteristics of components of the high-speed maglev vehicle system; focuses on the basic structure, technical requirements and control scheme of the levitation and guidance system of the high-speed maglev train, respectively.
Zhiqiang Long, Zhiqiang Wang, Mingda Zhai, Xiaolong Li
Chapter 3. Controller Design of High-Speed Maglev Train Levitation System
Abstract
In this chapter, a mathematical model of the levitation system based on the joint structure is firstly established and analyzed. After simplifying the model, a nominal controller of the levitation system is designed by adoption of the linear quadratic regulator (LQR). For issues of the track irregularities and propulsion disturbance, the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) algorithm is proposed. A high-speed maglev train levitation control test platform is then built, and the high-speed maglev hardware and software systems are designed and implemented. The levitation system performance experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed levitation control algorithms.
Zhiqiang Long, Zhiqiang Wang, Mingda Zhai, Xiaolong Li
Chapter 4. Controller Design of High-Speed Maglev Train Guidance System
Abstract
The guidance system of the high-speed maglev train enables the vehicle to realize non-contact guidance on the operating line. The guidance system provides the lateral force paralleling to align the vehicle centerline with the track centerline. By adjusting the current magnitude of the excitation coils in the guidance electromagnets, the magnitude of the guidance forces of the guidance system can be tuned so that the functional surfaces of both levitation and guidance electromagnets can maintain a certain gap from the functional surfaces of the track. In this chapter, by adoption of the nominal state, a joint structure-based mathematical model and a mathematical model of the guidance system under the consideration of disturbances and faults are established respectively. Then, the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) optimal control method is applied to design the nominal controller. A robust controller is proposed to guarantee good dynamic performance when the guidance system is disturbed by external disturbances. Finally, an experimental platform of the guidance system is set up and the performance test of the guidance control is carried out to verify the effectiveness of the designed guidance control algorithm.
Zhiqiang Long, Zhiqiang Wang, Mingda Zhai, Xiaolong Li
Chapter 5. Performance Evaluation of Levitation Control System
Abstract
After the completion of the levitation control system design for high-speed maglev trains, the performance of the control system under complex working conditions needs to be further analyzed. In this chapter, the nominal performance of the levitation system is firstly analyzed and evaluated using the nominal performance index. Secondly, according to the working characteristics of the levitation system under dynamic operating conditions, the dynamic performance index and evaluation criteria suitable for the levitation system of the high-speed maglev train are proposed. Finally, the performance of the levitation system under deterministic and non-deterministic disturbances is quantitatively analyzed.
Zhiqiang Long, Zhiqiang Wang, Mingda Zhai, Xiaolong Li
Chapter 6. Performance Evaluation of Guidance Control System
Abstract
After the completion of the guidance control system design for high-speed maglev trains, the performance of the control system under complex working conditions needs to be further analyzed and evaluated. To scientifically and accurately analyze and evaluate the performance of the high-speed maglev train passing through the plane curve line, the active guidance ability of the high-speed maglev train is evaluated and verified.
Zhiqiang Long, Zhiqiang Wang, Mingda Zhai, Xiaolong Li
Chapter 7. Control Technology of High-Speed PEM Hybrid Levitation System
Abstract
In 2003, with the successful operation of Shanghai high-speed maglev line, the high-speed levitation technology as a new transportation system was gradually recognized by the industry. In the process of localization of traditional EMS-type high-speed maglev trains, the National University of Defense Technology proposed a high-speed maglev scheme with PEM hybrid levitation system. Meanwhile, with the support of the Ministry of Science and Technology and the National Maglev Center, the research and development work on the test platforms has lasted for 15 years.
Zhiqiang Long, Zhiqiang Wang, Mingda Zhai, Xiaolong Li
Chapter 8. Fault Diagnosis of High-Speed PEM Hybrid Levitation System
Abstract
The PEM hybrid levitation train exhibits distinct advantages in comparison to its EMS counterpart; however, the inclusion of permanent magnets also introduces new challenges. The presence of these permanent magnets gives rise to the perilous possibility of the “adsorption” of the levitation point, whereby the hybrid electromagnets become affixed to the track.
Zhiqiang Long, Zhiqiang Wang, Mingda Zhai, Xiaolong Li
Chapter 9. Fault Tolerant Control of High-Speed PEM  Hybrid Levitation System
Abstract
Fault tolerance technology is an effective method to improve system reliability without changing the system structure and increasing cost. A unified fault diagnosis and tolerant control scheme for the levitation system of high-speed maglev train is proposed based on the controller parameterization theory. For incipient faults, a fault tolerant control strategy based on the online update of control parameters is proposed. Aiming at serious system failures, fault tolerant control methods based on signal reconstruction and switching strategy are proposed.
Zhiqiang Long, Zhiqiang Wang, Mingda Zhai, Xiaolong Li
Metadata
Title
High-Speed Maglev Train’s Levitation and Guidance Control
Authors
Zhiqiang Long
Zhiqiang Wang
Mingda Zhai
Xiaolong Li
Copyright Year
2024
Publisher
Springer Nature Singapore
Electronic ISBN
978-981-9723-09-6
Print ISBN
978-981-9723-08-9
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-2309-6

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