Top

Published in:

2021 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

3. High Voltage Engineering

Author : Ernst Gockenbach

Published in: Springer Handbook of Power Systems

Publisher: Springer Singapore

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

High-voltage engineering is knowledge about power transmission at high voltages and about stress on equipment used in high-voltage transmission systems. The basis for the design of high-voltage equipment is stress on the insulation by the electric field, whereby the stress magnitude depends on the voltage type. The electric field distribution is given by relative permittivity for alternating current () and by conductivity for direct current () and homogeneity of the electrode arrangement. Evaluation of the electric strength requires statistical and adjusted test methods. Basic knowledge about the breakdown behavior in gases is the basis for understanding the breakdown in fluids and solids. The breakdown of fluids is influenced by moisture, impurities, and stressed volume. Solids suffer from the same parameters, but thermal and erosion breakdowns and residual life time are of interest. Different kinds of insulation gases, fluids and solids, inorganic and organic, as well as impregnated solids are used in high-voltage insulation, and each of them has its own characteristics, which requires a careful selection depending on the equipment and the expected electric stress. Generation of test voltages requires specialized voltage and current generators for AC, DC, and impulse voltages. The measurement of different voltage types also requires specialized measuring circuits, including partial discharge and dielectric characteristics measurement.

Additional information and supplementary exercises for this chapter are available online.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

previous chapter Power Generation

next chapter High Currents and Contact Technology

IEC 60071-1: Insulation co-ordination – Part 1: Definitions, principles and rules, Edition 9.0 (IEC, Geneva 2019)

IEC 60060-1: High-voltage test techniques – Part 1: General definitions and test requirements, Edition 3.0 (IEC, Geneva 2010)

IEC 62475: High-current test techniques – Definitions and requirements for test currents and measuring systems, Edition 1.0 (IEC, Geneva 2010)

A. Küchler: High Voltage Engineering – Fundamentals – Technology – Applications (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 2018)

K. Berger, R.B. Anderson, H. Kröninger: Parameters of lightning flashes, Electra 41(1), 23–37 (1975)

IEC 62305-1: Protection against lightning – Part 1: General principles (IEC, Geneva 2010)

M. Beyer, W. Boeck, K. Möller, W. Zaengl: Hochspannungstechnik – Theoretische und praktische Grundlagen (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1986)

A. Schwaiger: Elektrische Festigkeitslehre (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1925)MATH

H. Prinz: Hochspannungsfelder (Oldenbourg, München 1969)

E. Peschke, R. von Olshausen: Cable Systems for High and Extra-High Voltage (Publicis, Erlangen 1999)

IEC 60156: Insulating liquids – Determination of the breakdown voltage at power frequency – Test method, Edition 3 (IEC, Geneva 2018)

W. Hauschild, E. Lemke: High-Voltage Test and Measuring Techniques (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 2014)

W. Hauschild, W. Mosch: Statistical Techniques for High Voltage Engineering (Verlag Technik, Berlin 1984)

J.S. Townsend: Electricity in Gases (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford 1915)

T.W. Dakin, G. Luxa, G. Oppermann, J. Vigreux, G. Wind, H. Winkelnkemper: Breakdown of gases in uniform fields. Paschen curves for nitrogen, air and sulfur hexafluoride, Electra 32, 61–82 (1974)

D. Kind: Die Aufbaufläche bei Stoßspannungsbeanspruchung von technischen Elektrodenanordnungen in Luft, Dissertation (TH München, München 1957)

H.P. Moser: Transformerboard (H. Weidmann AG, Rapperswil 1979)

IEC TR 61294: Insulating liquids – Determination of the partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) – Test procedure (IEC, Geneva 1993)

IEC 60050: International electrotechnical vocabulary (IEC, Geneva 2019)

H. Koch: GIL: Gas-Insulated Transmission Lines (Wiley, Hoboken 2012)

H. Koch, F. Goll, T. Magier, K. Juhre: Technical aspects of gas insulated transmission lines and application of new insulating gases, IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 25(4), 1448–1453 (2018)

M. Claessens, F. Schober, M. Ahl, T. Berth, M. Klemm, P. Körbel, D. Lana: Insulation performance of environmentally friendly, fluoroketone based insulation gas mixtures. In: Proc. 21th Int. Symp. High Volt. Eng., Vol. 2, ed. by B. Nemeth (Springer Nature, Cham 2020) pp. 377–386

M. Hyrenbach, S. Zache: Alternative insulation gas for medium-voltage switchgear. In: Pet. Chem. Ind. Conf. Eur. (PCIC Europe) (2016), https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICEurope.2016.7604648CrossRef

K. Dumke, H. Borsi, E. Gockenbach: Fundamental investigations on the influence of temperature and water content on the electrical behaviour of fluid impregnated insulating papers. In: IEEE Int. Symp. Electr. Insul., Vol. 2 (1996) pp. 542–545

S. Tenbohlen, M. Koch: Aging performance and moisture solubility of vegetable oils for power transformers, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 25(2), 825–830 (2010)

S. Azeehan Azli, M.H.F. Rahiman, Z.M. Yusoff, N.F. Razali, S.S. Abd Wahid, M.S. Ramli: A review on alternative oils as dielectric insulating fluids on power transformer. In: IEEE 15th Int. Colloq. Signal Process. Appl. (CSPA 2019) (2019) pp. 198–201

Siemens: 420-kV Transformator mit natürlicher Ester-Isolierung, www.siemens.com/energy/transformatoren (2015)

S.Y. Matharage, Q. Liu, Z.D. Wang, P.W.R. Smith, P. Mavrommatis, P. Dyer: Ageing assessment of a gas to liquid hydrocarbon transformer oil compared with an inhibited mineral oil. In: 19th Int. Symp. High Volt. Eng. (2015)

H. Schering: Die Isolierstoffe der Elektrotechnik (Springer, Berlin 1924)

M. Kahle: Elektrische Isoliertechnik (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1989)

R.M. Eichhorn: A critical comparison of XLPE and EPR for use as electrical insulationon underground power cables, IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 16, 469–482 (1981)

Y. Du, M. Zahn, B.C. Lesieutre, A.V. Mamishev, S.R. Lindgren: Moisture equilibrium in transformer paper-oil systems, IEEE Electr. Insul. Mag. 15(1), 11–20 (1999)

H.M. Ryan (Ed.): High Voltage Engineering and Testing, IET Power and Energy Series, Vol. 66, 3rd edn. (IET, London 2013)

IEC 60076: Power transformers – Part 3: Insulation levels, dielectric tests and external clearances in air (IEC, Geneva 2018)

IEC 60076: Power transformers – Part 4: Guide to the lightning impulse and switching impulse testing – Power transformers and reactors (IEC, Geneva 2002)

J. Hällström, S. Berlijn, M. Gamlin, F. Garnacho, E. Gockenbach, T. Kato, Y. Li, J. Rungis: Applicability of different implementation of K-factor filtering schemes for the revision of IEC 60060-1 and -2. In: 14th Int. Symp. High Volt. Eng. (2005), Paper B-32

P. Simon, F. Garnacho, S.M. Berlijn, E. Gockenbach: Determining the test voltage factor function for the evaluation of lightning impulses with oscillations and/or an overshoot, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 21(2), 560–566 (2006)

IEC 62475: High-current test techniques: Definitions and requirements for test currents and measuring systems (IEC, Geneva 2010)

M. Modrusan: Realisation of the prescribed exponential currents for kinds of test samples. In: 2nd Int. Symp. High Volt. Eng., Vol. 1 (1975) pp. 155–160

IEC 60060-2: High-voltage test techniques – Part 2: Measuring systems, Edition 3.0 (IEC, Geneva 2010)

F.G. Burch: On potential dividers for cathode oscillographs, Philos. Mag. 13, 760–774 (1932)

W. Zaengl: Ein Beitrag zur Schrittantwort kapazitiver Spannungsteiler mit langen Messkabeln, Elektrotechn. Z. A 98, 792–795 (1977)

K. Schon: Stoßspannungs- und Stoßstrommesstechnik: Grundlagen – Messgeräte – Messverfahren (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 2010)

IEC 60270: High-voltage test techniques – Partial discharge measurements (IEC, Geneva 2015)

W. Hauschild, E. Lemke: High-Voltage Test and Measuring Techniques (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 2014)

IEC 62067: Power cables with extruded insulation and their accessories for rated voltages above 150 kV (U_m = 170 kV) up to 500 kV (U_m = 550 kV) – Test methods and requirements (IEC, Geneva 2011)

S. Tenbohlen, A. Pfeffer, S. Coenen: On-site experiences with multi-terminal IEC PD measurements, UHF PD measurements and acoustic PD localisation. In: IEEE Int. Symp. Electr. Insul. (2010)

A. Akbari, P. Werle, H. Borsi, E. Gockenbach: Transfer function-based partial discharge localization in power transformers: A feasibility study, IEEE Electr. Insul. Mag. 18(5), 22–32 (2002)

IEC TS 62478: High voltage test techniques – Measurement of partial discharges by electromagnetic and acoustic methods (IEC, Geneva 2016)

H. Schering: Brücke für Verlustmessungen, Z. Instrumentenkd. 40, 124 (1920)

Title: High Voltage Engineering
Author: Ernst Gockenbach
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Book: Springer Handbook of Power Systems
Print ISBN: 978-981-329-937-5

Electronic ISBN: 978-981-329-938-2

Copyright Year: 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9938-2_3