Skip to main content
Top

2014 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

11. Histogram-Based Techniques for ADC Testing

Authors : Antonio Moschitta, David Macii, Francisco Corrêa Alegria, Paolo Carbone

Published in: Design, Modeling and Testing of Data Converters

Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Over the past 20 years, researchers both in academia and in industry have carried out a large amount of research on the topic of Data Converter Testing. The motivations are both economical and technical. In fact, both the high percentage of testing costs over total production costs and the large increase in the market demand for both Analog-To-Digital (ADC) and digital-to-analog converters have justified investigations and development of new and more efficient testing methods. On the technical side, the problem of data converter testing is challenging for several reasons, such as the nonlinear behavior of the quantizer inside an ADC and the ever-increasing sampling rate. Test engineers have also been challenged both in modeling the test process and in actual implementation of testing procedures. Both sides of this issue are important: modeling brings about new insights in the solution of practical testing problems and, conversely, experimental results help validate and improve models accuracy and usability.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
1.
go back to reference Doernberg, J., Lee, H.-S., Hodges, D.A.: Full-speed testing of A/D converters. IEEE J. Solid-State Circ. 19(6), 820–827 (1984)CrossRef Doernberg, J., Lee, H.-S., Hodges, D.A.: Full-speed testing of A/D converters. IEEE J. Solid-State Circ. 19(6), 820–827 (1984)CrossRef
2.
go back to reference Hagelauer, R., Oehler, F., Rohmer, G., Sauerer, J., Seitzer, D., Schmitt, R., Winkler, D.: Investigations and measurements of the dynamic performance of high-speed ADCs. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 41(6), 829–833 (1992)CrossRef Hagelauer, R., Oehler, F., Rohmer, G., Sauerer, J., Seitzer, D., Schmitt, R., Winkler, D.: Investigations and measurements of the dynamic performance of high-speed ADCs. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 41(6), 829–833 (1992)CrossRef
3.
go back to reference IEEE Standard for Terminology and Test Methods for Analog-to-Digital Converters: IEEE standard 1241–2011, 2011 IEEE Standard for Terminology and Test Methods for Analog-to-Digital Converters: IEEE standard 1241–2011, 2011
4.
go back to reference IEC 60748-4-3: Semiconductor devices—integrated circuits—part 4–3: interface integrated circuits—dynamic criteria for analogue-digital converters (ADC), 1st edn, 2006–2008 IEC 60748-4-3: Semiconductor devices—integrated circuits—part 4–3: interface integrated circuits—dynamic criteria for analogue-digital converters (ADC), 1st edn, 2006–2008
5.
go back to reference IEEE Standard for Digitizing Waveform Recorders: IEEE Standard 1057–2007 (Revision of IEEE 1057–1994), 2008 IEEE Standard for Digitizing Waveform Recorders: IEEE Standard 1057–2007 (Revision of IEEE 1057–1994), 2008
6.
go back to reference IEC 62008: Performance characteristics and calibration methods for digital data acquisition systems and relevant software, 1st edn, pp. 28–29, 2005–2007 IEC 62008: Performance characteristics and calibration methods for digital data acquisition systems and relevant software, 1st edn, pp. 28–29, 2005–2007
7.
go back to reference Alegria, F., Arpaia, P., Cruz Serra, A.M., Daponte, P.: Performance analysis of an ADC histogram test using small triangular waves. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 51(4), 723–729 (2002)CrossRef Alegria, F., Arpaia, P., Cruz Serra, A.M., Daponte, P.: Performance analysis of an ADC histogram test using small triangular waves. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 51(4), 723–729 (2002)CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Renovell, M., Azaïs, F., Bernard, S., Bertrand, Y.: Hardware resource minimization for histogram-based ADC BIST. In: Proceedings of IEEE VLSI Test Symposium, pp. 247–252, May 2000 Renovell, M., Azaïs, F., Bernard, S., Bertrand, Y.: Hardware resource minimization for histogram-based ADC BIST. In: Proceedings of IEEE VLSI Test Symposium, pp. 247–252, May 2000
9.
go back to reference Provost, B., Sanchez-Sinencio, E.: On-chip ramp generators for mixed-signal BIST and ADC self-test. IEEE J. Solid-State Circ. 38(2), 263–273 (2003)CrossRef Provost, B., Sanchez-Sinencio, E.: On-chip ramp generators for mixed-signal BIST and ADC self-test. IEEE J. Solid-State Circ. 38(2), 263–273 (2003)CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Korhonen, E., Hakkinen, J., Kostamovaara, J.: A robust algorithm to identify the test stimulus in histogram-based A/D converter testing. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 56(6), 2369–2374 (2007)CrossRef Korhonen, E., Hakkinen, J., Kostamovaara, J.: A robust algorithm to identify the test stimulus in histogram-based A/D converter testing. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 56(6), 2369–2374 (2007)CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Wei, J., Agrawal, V.D.: A DSP-based ramp test for on-chip high-resolution ADC. In: Proceedings of IEEE Southeastern Symposium on System Theory (SSST), pp. 203–207, March 2011 Wei, J., Agrawal, V.D.: A DSP-based ramp test for on-chip high-resolution ADC. In: Proceedings of IEEE Southeastern Symposium on System Theory (SSST), pp. 203–207, March 2011
12.
go back to reference Linnenbrink, T.E., Tilden, S.J., Miller, M.T.: ADC testing with IEEE Standard 1241–2000. In: Proceedings of IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (IMTC), Budapest, Hungary, pp. 1986–1991, May 2001 Linnenbrink, T.E., Tilden, S.J., Miller, M.T.: ADC testing with IEEE Standard 1241–2000. In: Proceedings of IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (IMTC), Budapest, Hungary, pp. 1986–1991, May 2001
13.
go back to reference Macii, D., Pianegiani, F., Carbone, P., Petri, D.: A stability criterion for high-accuracy delta-sigma digital resonators. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 55(2), 577–593 (2006)CrossRef Macii, D., Pianegiani, F., Carbone, P., Petri, D.: A stability criterion for high-accuracy delta-sigma digital resonators. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 55(2), 577–593 (2006)CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Xing, H., Jiang, H., Chen, D., Geiger, R.L.: High-resolution ADC linearity testing using a fully digital-compatible BIST strategy. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 58(8), 2697–2705 (2009)CrossRef Xing, H., Jiang, H., Chen, D., Geiger, R.L.: High-resolution ADC linearity testing using a fully digital-compatible BIST strategy. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 58(8), 2697–2705 (2009)CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Martins, R.C., da Cruz Serra, A.M.: Automated ADC characterization using the histogram test stimulated by Gaussian noise. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 48(2), 471–474 (1999)CrossRef Martins, R.C., da Cruz Serra, A.M.: Automated ADC characterization using the histogram test stimulated by Gaussian noise. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 48(2), 471–474 (1999)CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Holub, J., Vedral, J.: Stochastic testing of ADC step-Gauss method. Comput. Stand. Interface 26(3), 251–257 (2004)CrossRef Holub, J., Vedral, J.: Stochastic testing of ADC step-Gauss method. Comput. Stand. Interface 26(3), 251–257 (2004)CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Björsell, N., Händel, P.: Truncated Gaussian noise in ADC histogram tests. Elsevier Meas. 40(1), 36–42 (2007)CrossRef Björsell, N., Händel, P.: Truncated Gaussian noise in ADC histogram tests. Elsevier Meas. 40(1), 36–42 (2007)CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Holcer, R., Michaeli, L., Šaliga, J.: DNL ADC testing by the exponential shaped voltage. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 52(3), 946–949 (2003)CrossRef Holcer, R., Michaeli, L., Šaliga, J.: DNL ADC testing by the exponential shaped voltage. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 52(3), 946–949 (2003)CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Gamad, R.S., Mishra, D.K.: Gain error offset error and ENOB estimation of an A/D converter using histogram technique. Elsevier Meas. 42(4), 570–576 (2009)CrossRef Gamad, R.S., Mishra, D.K.: Gain error offset error and ENOB estimation of an A/D converter using histogram technique. Elsevier Meas. 42(4), 570–576 (2009)CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Flores, MdGC, Negreiros, M., Carro, L., Susin, A.A.: INL and DNL estimation based on noise for ADC test. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 53(5), 1391–1395 (2004)CrossRef Flores, MdGC, Negreiros, M., Carro, L., Susin, A.A.: INL and DNL estimation based on noise for ADC test. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 53(5), 1391–1395 (2004)CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Moschitta, A., Carbone, P., Petri, D.: Statistical performance of Gaussian ADC histogram test. In: Proceedings of 8th International Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing (IWADC), Perugia, Italy, pp. 213–217, Sept 2003 Moschitta, A., Carbone, P., Petri, D.: Statistical performance of Gaussian ADC histogram test. In: Proceedings of 8th International Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing (IWADC), Perugia, Italy, pp. 213–217, Sept 2003
22.
go back to reference Corrado, M., Rapuano, S., Šaliga, J.: An overview of different signal sources for histogram based testing of ADCs. Elsevier Meas. 43(7), 878–886 (2010)CrossRef Corrado, M., Rapuano, S., Šaliga, J.: An overview of different signal sources for histogram based testing of ADCs. Elsevier Meas. 43(7), 878–886 (2010)CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Blair, J.: Histogram measurement of ADC nonlinearities using sinewaves. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 43(3), 373–383 (1994)CrossRef Blair, J.: Histogram measurement of ADC nonlinearities using sinewaves. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 43(3), 373–383 (1994)CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Corrêa Alegria, F., Cruz Serra, A.: ADC transfer curve types—a review. Comput. Stand. Interfaces, Elsevier 28(5), 553–559 (2006)CrossRef Corrêa Alegria, F., Cruz Serra, A.: ADC transfer curve types—a review. Comput. Stand. Interfaces, Elsevier 28(5), 553–559 (2006)CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Papoulis, A.: Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes, 3rd edn. McGraw-Hill, Singapore (1991) Papoulis, A.: Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes, 3rd edn. McGraw-Hill, Singapore (1991)
26.
go back to reference Vora, S.C., Satish, L.: ADC static nonlinearity estimation using linearity property of sinewave. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 60(4), 1283–1290 (2011)CrossRef Vora, S.C., Satish, L.: ADC static nonlinearity estimation using linearity property of sinewave. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 60(4), 1283–1290 (2011)CrossRef
27.
go back to reference Dynad Draft v3.4: Dynamic Testing of Analog-to-Digital Converters Using Sinewaves—DYNAD Dynad Draft v3.4: Dynamic Testing of Analog-to-Digital Converters Using Sinewaves—DYNAD
28.
go back to reference Carbone, P., Nunzi, E., Petri, D.: Statistical efficiency of the ADC sinewave histogram test. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 51(4), 849–852 (2002)CrossRef Carbone, P., Nunzi, E., Petri, D.: Statistical efficiency of the ADC sinewave histogram test. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 51(4), 849–852 (2002)CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Corrêa Alegria, F.A., Moschitta, A., Carbone, P., Serra, A.C., Petri, D.: Effective ADC linearity testing using sinewaves. IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst. I Regul. Papers 52(7), 1267–1275 (2005) Corrêa Alegria, F.A., Moschitta, A., Carbone, P., Serra, A.C., Petri, D.: Effective ADC linearity testing using sinewaves. IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst. I Regul. Papers 52(7), 1267–1275 (2005)
30.
go back to reference Carbone, P., Petri, D.: Noise sensitivity of the ADC histogram test. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 47(4), 849–852 (1998)CrossRef Carbone, P., Petri, D.: Noise sensitivity of the ADC histogram test. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 47(4), 849–852 (1998)CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Moschitta, A., Carbone, P.: Noise parameter estimation from quantized data. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 56(3), 736–742 (2007)CrossRef Moschitta, A., Carbone, P.: Noise parameter estimation from quantized data. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 56(3), 736–742 (2007)CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Fodor, B., Kollar, I.: ADC testing with verification. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 57(12), 2762–2768 (2008)CrossRef Fodor, B., Kollar, I.: ADC testing with verification. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 57(12), 2762–2768 (2008)CrossRef
33.
go back to reference Gendai, Y.: The maximum-likelihood noise magnitude estimation in ADC linearity measurements. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 59(7), 1746–1754 (2010)CrossRef Gendai, Y.: The maximum-likelihood noise magnitude estimation in ADC linearity measurements. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 59(7), 1746–1754 (2010)CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Sarhegyi, A., Balogh, L., Kollar, I.: An efficient approximation for maximum, likelihood estimation of ADC parameters. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC), pp. 2656–2661, Graz, Austria, May 2012 Sarhegyi, A., Balogh, L., Kollar, I.: An efficient approximation for maximum, likelihood estimation of ADC parameters. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC), pp. 2656–2661, Graz, Austria, May 2012
35.
go back to reference Alegria, F.C., Serra, A.C.: The hystogram test of ADCs with sinusoidal stimulus is unbiased by phase noise. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 58(11), 3847–3854 (2009)CrossRef Alegria, F.C., Serra, A.C.: The hystogram test of ADCs with sinusoidal stimulus is unbiased by phase noise. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 58(11), 3847–3854 (2009)CrossRef
36.
go back to reference Blair, J.J.: Selecting test frequencies for sinewave tests of ADCs. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 54(1), 73–78 (2005)CrossRef Blair, J.J.: Selecting test frequencies for sinewave tests of ADCs. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 54(1), 73–78 (2005)CrossRef
37.
go back to reference Carbone, P., Chiorboli, G.: ADC sinewave histogram testing with quasi-coherent sampling. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 50(4), 949–953 (2001)CrossRef Carbone, P., Chiorboli, G.: ADC sinewave histogram testing with quasi-coherent sampling. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 50(4), 949–953 (2001)CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Moschitta, A., Carbone, P.: An automated procedure for selecting frequency and record length when testing data converters. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC), Singapore, pp. 1711–1715, May 2009 Moschitta, A., Carbone, P.: An automated procedure for selecting frequency and record length when testing data converters. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC), Singapore, pp. 1711–1715, May 2009
39.
go back to reference Wegener, C., Kennedy, M.P.: Linear model-based testing of ADC nonlinearities. IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst. I 51(1), 213–217 (2004)CrossRef Wegener, C., Kennedy, M.P.: Linear model-based testing of ADC nonlinearities. IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst. I 51(1), 213–217 (2004)CrossRef
40.
go back to reference Serra, A.C., da Silva, M.F., Ramos, P.M., Martins, R.C., Michaeli, L., Šaliga, J.: Combined spectral and histogram analysis for fast ADC testing. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 54(4), 1617–1623 (2005)CrossRef Serra, A.C., da Silva, M.F., Ramos, P.M., Martins, R.C., Michaeli, L., Šaliga, J.: Combined spectral and histogram analysis for fast ADC testing. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 54(4), 1617–1623 (2005)CrossRef
41.
go back to reference Arpaia, P., Daponte, P., Michaeli, L.: The influence of the architecture on ADC modeling. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 48(5), 956–967 (1999)CrossRef Arpaia, P., Daponte, P., Michaeli, L.: The influence of the architecture on ADC modeling. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 48(5), 956–967 (1999)CrossRef
42.
go back to reference Attivissimo, F., Giaquinto, N., Kale, I.: INL reconstruction of A/D converters via parametric spectral estimation. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 53(4), 940–946 (2004)CrossRef Attivissimo, F., Giaquinto, N., Kale, I.: INL reconstruction of A/D converters via parametric spectral estimation. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 53(4), 940–946 (2004)CrossRef
43.
go back to reference Stefani, F., Macii, D., Moschitta, A., Carbone, P., Petri, D.: A simple and time-effective procedure for ADC INL estimation. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 55(4), 1383–1389 (2006)CrossRef Stefani, F., Macii, D., Moschitta, A., Carbone, P., Petri, D.: A simple and time-effective procedure for ADC INL estimation. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 55(4), 1383–1389 (2006)CrossRef
44.
go back to reference Stefani, F., Moschitta, A., Macii, D., Carbone, P., Petri, D.: Fast estimation of A/D converter nonlinearities. Meas. Elsevier Sci. 39(3), 232–237 (2006) Stefani, F., Moschitta, A., Macii, D., Carbone, P., Petri, D.: Fast estimation of A/D converter nonlinearities. Meas. Elsevier Sci. 39(3), 232–237 (2006)
45.
go back to reference Linnenbrink, T.E., Blair, J., Rapuano, S., Daponte, P., Balestrieri, E., De Vito, L., Max, S., Tilden, S.J.: Addition to ADC testing. IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. 9(5), 46 (2006)CrossRef Linnenbrink, T.E., Blair, J., Rapuano, S., Daponte, P., Balestrieri, E., De Vito, L., Max, S., Tilden, S.J.: Addition to ADC testing. IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. 9(5), 46 (2006)CrossRef
46.
go back to reference ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008: Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement, Geneve, Switzerland ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008: Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement, Geneve, Switzerland
Metadata
Title
Histogram-Based Techniques for ADC Testing
Authors
Antonio Moschitta
David Macii
Francisco Corrêa Alegria
Paolo Carbone
Copyright Year
2014
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39655-7_11