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Sexuality Research and Social Policy

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18-04-2022

How Is Self-Stigma Associated with Generalized Anxiety Disorder Symptoms in Men Who Have Sex with Men? Roles of Perceived Stress and Negative Affect in a Longitudinal Study

Authors: Huahua Hu, Phoenix K. H. Mo, Mary Ip, Zixin Wang

Published in: Sexuality Research and Social Policy | Issue 4/2022

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Abstract

Introduction

It remains unknown what factors may account for the link between self-stigma and increased anxiety among men who have sex with men (MSM). This study aims to extend previous research by examining the serial mediation of perceived stress and negative affect in the effect of MSM-related self-stigma on anxiety, which is reflected by generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) symptoms.

Methods

In a 6-month longitudinal study design, self-stigma, perceived stress, negative affect, and GAD symptoms were measured in a sample of 407 men who have sex with men (M_age = 31.27 ± 7.83) in Hong Kong, China, from April 2018 to July 2019.

Results

The prevalence of probable GAD (GAD-7 scores ≥ 5) was 42.3% and 40.8% at T1 and T2, respectively. Regression analyses revealed that self-stigma at baseline (T1) positively predicted GAD symptoms at 6-month follow-up (T2). Mediation analyses showed a significant indirect effect of baseline self-stigma on follow-up GAD symptoms (c = 0.096, p = 0.031; ab = 0.032, SE = 0.015, CI = 0.0076 to 0.0625). Two paths of the self-stigma at T1 — GAD symptoms at T2 relationship — were found. Self-stigma at T1 predicted GAD symptoms at T2 indirectly via perceived stress and negative affect at T1, and directly via perceived stress at T1.

Conclusions

Findings underscore the need for health care policies that address self-stigma, perceived stress, and negative affect to manage anxiety in MSM.

Policy Implications

More attention should be paid to the mental health issues among MSM. To prevent anxiety, policies on health promotions need to reduce self-stigma, perceived stress, and negative affect in MSM.

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Title: How Is Self-Stigma Associated with Generalized Anxiety Disorder Symptoms in Men Who Have Sex with Men? Roles of Perceived Stress and Negative Affect in a Longitudinal Study
Authors: Huahua Hu
Phoenix K. H. Mo
Mary Ip
Zixin Wang
Publication date: 18-04-2022
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Sexuality Research and Social Policy / Issue 4/2022
Print ISSN: 1868-9884
Electronic ISSN: 1553-6610
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-022-00713-y

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Abstract

Introduction

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Policy Implications

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