1 Introduction
2 Related and Required Work
2.1 Control Transition and Human Factors
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DIDC: Driver-initiated driver control
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DIAC: Driver-initiated automation control
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AIDC: Automation-initiated driver control
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AIAC: Automation-initiated automation control
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Shift of attention from a NDRT to the driving task
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Rapid understanding of the driving situation
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Selection of action by utilizing the existing (current) situational awareness
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Output of actions for control by the driver
2.2 Categorization of Dynamic Driving Task
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Operational level (MD). The driver controls the steering angle and speed in real-time.
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Tactical level. The driver inputs medium-term control commands, including, turning, lane-changing, speed controlling, overtaking, merging, and parking.
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Strategical level. The driver inputs long-term trip goals, including, the destination, route, travel time, and driving mode.
2.3 Required Work: TLI x DVI
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The system provides a map to indicate vehicle’s path, which are provided by integrated sensor information to reduce the cognitive workload,
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The system provides spatial information to make driver recognize vehicle’s close surroundings.
3 Design of Driver-Vehicle Interface
3.1 Multimodal DVI for TLI
3.1.1 Touchscreen Interface
3.1.2 Hand-Gesture Interface
3.1.3 Haptic Interface
3.2 DVI for Automated Driving
3.2.1 Visual Indication System
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When a vehicle with AD system is driven by human driver and enters an area where AD is available, the LED illuminates to show its availability, and we adopted a pulsing pattern in “blue for 3 seconds”. A corresponding icon simultaneously appears on the touchscreen.
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If the driver turns on AD by pushing AD button, the LED illuminates in brightness-reduced blue and the corresponding icon appears.
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When a functional limitation occurs and TLI is available, LED blinks at 2 Hz with orange. When only manual takeover is available, LED blinks at 4 Hz with red.