Hydrogen Engine for a Passenger Car Hybrid Powertrain

The article delves into the innovative development of a hydrogen engine for a passenger car hybrid powertrain, focusing on a Hyundai series production four-cylinder 1.6-l T-GDI engine converted to operate with hydrogen. This conversion includes the integration of a Bosch prototype injector for low-pressure hydrogen direct injection and a two-stage boosting system comprising a Variable Geometry Turbocharger (VGT) and a 48-V electric supercharger (e-SC). The research highlights the optimization of the intake port design and injector pocket using CFD simulations and high-speed Schlieren measurements to enhance hydrogen combustion efficiency. The calibration process for air and fuel paths is meticulously described, resulting in a maximum brake thermal efficiency of up to 40% and engine out NOx emissions below 0.2 g/kWh. The article also discusses the potential for further optimization and the integration of a lean burn hydrogen exhaust aftertreatment system, making it a comprehensive resource for professionals interested in the future of hydrogen mobility.