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04-05-2024

Implicit Gender Role Theory, Gender System Justification, and Voting Behavior: A Mixed-Method Study

Authors: Marissa Stanziani, Jennifer Cox, Elizabeth MacNeil, Keisha Carden

Published in: Sexuality Research and Social Policy | Issue 3/2024

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Abstract

The study delves into the interplay between implicit gender role theory, gender system justification, and voting behavior in the USA. It examines how traditional gender ideologies influence political decisions and legislation, revealing that entity theorists, who believe gender roles are fixed, are more likely to support laws that maintain the current gender system. The research uses a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data to provide a nuanced understanding of these complex social dynamics. The findings have significant implications for understanding the motivations behind political behavior and the perpetuation of gender inequality.

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Abstract

Introduction

Gender roles are pervasive and impact all areas of modern society. Implicit gender role theory is one perspective on understanding individual perceptions of gender roles and how these perceptions influence behavior. This mixed-method study explored the association between implicit gender role ideology and support for “gendered legislation” (i.e., legislation with the potential to differentially impact individuals depending on their gender identity).

Methods

Quantitative data (N = 558) collected from 2017 to 2018 demonstrate the association between implicit gender role ideology and six different pieces of gendered legislation. Participant individual interviews (N = 20), collected from 2017 to 2018, allowed for a more comprehensive and nuanced exploration of individual gender role attitudes and perceptions of two specific bills.

Results

Individuals who believe gender roles are fixed and immutable are more likely to justify a patriarchal gender system and support legislation that differentially impacts individuals due to gender identity. Males are also more likely to identify with masculine traits and feel that their gender is central to their identity, while females are more likely to shed femininity in favor of agency to gain power and respect. Finally, qualitative themes highlight a general lack of nuanced understanding regarding gender roles, gender identity, sex, and sexual orientation.

Conclusion

Males and individuals who believe gender roles are fixed were more likely to justify a patriarchal gender system. Males, particularly those who believed gender roles are fixed, were also more likely to identify their gender as central to their identity.

Policy Implications

Regardless of political orientation, gender role attitudes and participant sex may influence the ways in which people perpetuate or challenge the patriarchal gender system. Thus, perpetuation of the current gender system, or moving toward gender equality, may stem from interventions at the individual level.

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Title: Implicit Gender Role Theory, Gender System Justification, and Voting Behavior: A Mixed-Method Study
Authors: Marissa Stanziani
Jennifer Cox
Elizabeth MacNeil
Keisha Carden
Publication date: 04-05-2024
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Sexuality Research and Social Policy / Issue 3/2024
Print ISSN: 1868-9884
Electronic ISSN: 1553-6610
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-024-00966-9

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Abstract

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Springer Professional "Business + Economics & Engineering + Technology"

Springer Professional "Business + Economics"

The Role of Family Rejection of Gender Expression on Minority Stress and Mental Health of Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents

Antecedent Ideological Profiles and Negative Socio-political Outcomes of LGBTQ+ Conspiracy Beliefs

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